Study On Contemporary China’s Rural Poverty Alleviation And Development Strategy

Poverty elimination has been the earnest ideal of human beings since ancient times and is the basic right for people all over the world to pursue for a happy life. Since new China was established, the Chinese Communist Party and Government have been constantly creating systems, strengthening means and improving policies, and have proposed periodic struggle objectives and major tasks and set up the political framework for removing rural poverty on the basis of the national economic development level and the changing tendency of the rural poverty characteristics. Especially since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, China has included the rural poverty relief development into the overall national development planning. It is required to continuously push forward the theoretical, policy and institutional innovation about poverty relief development along with the economic and social development and to improve the national poverty relief strategy and policy system along with the development of the poverty relief and conclusion of practical experiences, so as to successfully open up a way of rural poverty relief development with Chinese characteristics, which takes the economic development as the driving force, adopts strengthening the self-development ability of the poor as the major channel, adheres to the combination of governmental guidance and social participation, the combination of poverty relief development and regional development, the matching between the inclusive policies about issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area and preferential poverty relief policies, as well as the connection between the poverty relief development and the social security system. As more than 600 million rural populations have been deprived of poverty under the combined influence of sustainable and fast national economic development and a series of fair development policies and special national poverty relief plans, China has become the earliest developing country in the world which has achieved the poverty reduction objective among the millennium development goals set by the United Nations, making great contribution to the cause of international poverty reduction.The rural poverty relief development in China has attracted high attention from domestic and foreign scholars and international organizations and has made many theoretical achievements with practical significance. These achievements mainly focus on economics, sociology or such specific domains as the problem of distribution and labor costs in more detailed manner. However, strategic research on China’s rural poverty relief is still a shortcoming in the theoretical circle. This thesis strategically and systematically describes outlines and sums up the rural poverty relief development policies and practices in China from theoretical angle of Marxism with Chinese features by taking the methods of consistency between history and logic, literature review, systematic analysis and interdisciplinary research, take the prominent problem of restrict development as the starting point to put forward the policy suggestions of practice guidance for perfecting the strategy of poverty alleviation and development.Hoping to contribute to the rural poverty relief development of China. The thesis includes the following eight parts:Chapter One, Introduction. Four Parts in Total: Basis for Theme Selection of the Thesis & Research Significance, Current Research Situation & Development Tendency, Research Thought & Method and Creative and Deficient PointsChapter Two, Formation and Development of China Contemporary Rural Poverty Relief Development Strategy. This chapter analyzes and clarifies the theoretical foundation supporting the strategic system from three angles including the poverty theory of Marx and Engels, the poverty theory of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, Xi Jinping and other CPC Leaders, and the anti-poverty theory of international societies and organizations. This chapter analyzes the poverty relief development strategy in three stages- formation, development and perfection, by referring to the national poverty relief policies as the basis and the poverty relief outlines as the blueprint, and will make this as the basis for implementation of the strategy.Chapter Three, the Guiding Thought of China Contemporary Rural Poverty Relief Development Strategy. This chapter describes the guiding thought of contemporary rural poverty relief development strategy of China from four aspects including adhering to accurate poverty relief approaches and focusing on transforming the mode of economic development, increasing the self-development capability of poverty relief objects, equalizing basic public services.Chapter Four, Guidelines of China Contemporary Rural Poverty Relief Development Strategy. This chapter pays much attention to analysis on the development-type special poverty relief guideline which China has been keeping on since the opening and reform policy, and also analyzes the rural minimum living guarantee system- a “Minimum Guarantee” policy arrangement, from the angles of policy motive and progress.Chapter Five, Strategic Objective and Focus of China Contemporary Rural Poverty Relief Development. This chapter divides the contemporary rural poverty relief development strategy into five stages on the basis of framework documents, and analyzes the strategic objectives of each stage from solving the problem of basic food and clothing to expanding the achievements to comprehensively solving the problem of food and clothing, strengthening achievements and improving conditions and to stabilizing survival and guaranteeing development. Take poor old revolutionary bases and minority areas as key strategic regions and make analysis in the aspects of current situation of regional poverty and the progress of the poverty relief development etc..Chapter Six, Measures of China Contemporary Rural Poverty Relief Development Strategy. This chapter summarizes the experiences of poverty relief strategy, from which four points are extracted to support key measures of the strategic development, that is, keeping the combinations of development-type poverty relief and social security, of government-leading and social poverty alleviation, of poverty relief development and regional development, as well as poverty relief development and inclusive rural policies.Chapter Seven, Guaranties of Contemporary China Rural Poverty Relief Development. This chapter analyzes material guaranties to the formation, development and excellent achievements of the strategy in three aspects including appropriately adjusting the targeting mechanism in poverty relief development, reforming the fiscal poverty relief fund using mechanism, improving the statistic and monitoring system of poverty relief development.Chapter Eight, Practice Orientation of Contemporary China Rural Poverty Relief Development. This chapters argues that the policy logic direction of poverty relief development has always been taking absolute poverty as the poverty relief standard and placing this standard in the fundamental objective of “completely” removing the poor from poverty. The policy direction in such concept has successively guided the poverty relief in China and made outstanding contribution to the cause of global poverty reduction. However, the continuous poverty return rate in countrysides and the widening gap between the rich and the poor indicate that the single pursuit for completely removing the absolute poor populations from poverty does not realize the sustainability of the poverty elimination effect and the development balance. Therefore, this chapter proposes to review poverty from the prospective of development and relativity and to regard the emphasis on poverty fragility, relative poverty, green poverty alleviation and fair education as the logical starting point for realizing the stability of poverty alleviation, sharing of development, development sustainability in poor regions and equal chances of development. In addition, it is hoped that the poverty alleviation concepts that should have been concerned may be transformed into poverty relief policies and actions and integrated into the strategy of poverty relief development.