The Theory And Practice Of Local Collaborative Development Of Science And Technology Parks

Science and technology parks are main gathering places of production factors, an important platform for scientific and technological innovation and a function carrier of industrial entities, which plays a demonstration and leading role in the process of economic and social development. Since the third industrial revolution happened in the 1950s, the great changes occurred in human economic, political, cultural, social, ecological civilization construction meanwhile the role in promoting and the overall contribution to the development of science and technology on productivity get an unprecedented increase. So, for a nation, region or enterprises, the technological competitiveness becomes an important component of overall strength more than ever. However, science and technology parks are important performance and infrastructure support of regional technological competitiveness.From the respective of "whole is greater than the local, and system is more important than factors", this paper explored the law of local science and technology parks. The unique role of the overall functional structure optimization in the science and technology park lies in the individual permutation, combination, Complementary advantage and the function amplification. In other words, promote the formation of orderly collaboration and utilize the advantage of synchronic development among science and technology parks zones via reasonable planning. Eventually achieve the developmental effect of the 1+1> 2 that produces an overall efficacy greater than the sum of individual parks. Therefore, it is the key point to the successful development of science and technology parks that the collaborative development mechanism and affective factors are scientifically analyzed and optimized, and the overall effect of parks is fully utilized after optimizing the individual’s capacity. This is also the determinate factor relevant to and the long-term development of regional.Supported by the project "Research of the regional development pattern based on Ecological Civilization" funded by NNSF, this paper studied the mechanism and pattern of collaborative development of the science and technology parks based on the theory of local science and technology park development domestic and abroad. It is proposed that the theory of collaborative development is effected by regional factors, park factors, industry factors, enterprise factors and resources factors- five aspects. Therefore, this research selected the science and technology parks in P district as the study area. After introducing and evaluating the development of those parks by AHP method, the collaborative development stages and causes of evolution were analyzed. By establishing structural equation, this paper discussed five factors affecting the collaborative development of local science and technology parks. The empirical analysis was proved by AMOSv17.0 software. The result showed that five factors promote the collaborative development of local science and technology parks, but differ in effectiveness, which verified the practical significance of the theory of collaborative development of local science and technology parks.Conclusions:1. The collaborative development of the Science and technology parks is based on the local production network.The local production networks of multiple science and technology parks are intermingled and form network system. Components such as parks, enterprises, related government departments, agencies, colleges and other research institutions are coordinately developed. The potential of those factors are well released, which can enlarge the entire benefit.There are two patterns of collaborative development of the science and technology parks. Firstly, the enterprise coordinate pattern is the coordination between those enterprises among different parks, which includes collaborative production, marketing coordination, capital coordination, brand coordination and collaborative innovation. Secondly, the park coordinate pattern is the coordination among those parks in P district, which includes Industry collaboration, functional collaboration, service coordination and brand coordination.Because of coordination among the subjects of network in different parks, the factors of capital, labor and knowledge circulate among parks, until resource reaches optimal allocation. Capital and labor factors accumulate in those competitive industries with higher rate of compensation. Therefore, abundant capital guarantee and solid resource of people promote the development of advanced industries as well as the adjustment and upgrade of the industrial structure in the park. The knowledge elements diffuse from the highland to bottomland of innovation, which improves the overall innovation capability of science and technology parks. Meanwhile, the diffusion of factors enhances the intensity of association among parks and improves the effect of the coordination.2. The three stages of local collaborative development evolution of science and technology parks in Shanghai P district.There are three stages for science and technology parks in Shanghai P district: market oriented, government dominated and multivariate driven. The driving mechanism, coordination mode and main factors are different in different stage.In the market oriented phase one.The driving mechanism is enterprise driving, the coordination mode is productive coordination and primary industrial coordination. The main effective factors are entrepreneurial spirit and enterprise competition.In the government dominated phase two, the driving mechanism is enterprise and government dual driving, the coordination mode is the coordination of advanced industry, function, sale and service. Main factors are the regional preferential policy and the development status of leading industries.In the multivariate driven phase three, the driving mechanism is the ternary driving of enterprise, government and, the coordination mode is brand, capital, innovation coordination, and main factors are the innovation incentive mechanism and the free diffusion of capital.Overall, the development of science and technology parks shows a trend which is from junior to senior, from simple to complex, from uni to multi element driven, collaborative range becomes wider, collaborative level is deeper and better synergistic effect is achieved.3. The local collaborative development of Shanghai science and technology parks of P is weak.The collaborative level of science parks in P district is weak and the local coordination effect has little contribution to the development of science and technology parks. There are few connections 1 between enterprises, which only take a small portion of total enterprises. The enterprises seek coordination partners in the geographic area of Yangtze River Delta, national and even the worldwide range, which makes the coordination outward-looking and international. Within the scope of the region, geographic adjacency is no longer the promoting factor for formation of production network and the collaborative development of enterprises. Instead, the enterprise collaboration based on industry chain and value chain becomes the main contributing factor to the collaborative development of science and technology parks.4. Five factors have stronger impact on the local collaborative development of science and technology parks in the P district of Shanghai city.There are positive associations between regional factors, park factors, industry factors, enterprise factors, resource factors and coordination. And those factors have great contribution to the coordination. Specifically:(1) A relatively higher regional economic development level is the premise of the local coordination development of science and technology parks in P district.The regional economic development level in P district is relatively higher in the country, and soft service is well developed in the region. In science and technology parks, there are a large scale of the technical service institutions, capital services, and consulting services, which create favorable environment for the capital and innovation coordination of science and technology parks. Meanwhile, the higher economic development level in the park attracts high quality of human resources, capital and knowledge factors to accumulate in the region, which supports the technology innovation and institution innovation.(2) The well-established regional cultural environment is the assistance for the local coordination development of science and technology parks in P districtP district locates in Shanghai cosmopolitan, where all-inclusive cultures can be seen. On the one hand, this kind of culture promotes the fusion of foreign capital/enterprise with the local resources, thus reduces the integration time and costs. In the same time, the culture also enhances the formation of production network and social network, and motivates Resource flow and business cooperation. On the other hand, the all-inclusive culture strengthens the reliability of the enterprise in different parks, reduces the transaction cost due to distrust, and eventually improves the efficiency of the coordination in different science and technology parks.(3) The Higher enterprise innovation ability is support of the local coordination development of science and technology parks in P districtThe enterprises with high innovation ability tend to have advanced technologies which other enterprises do not have.Through the communication and cooperation or technology trading, parks forms innovation coordination, accelerates the regional technology diffusion and improves enterprise production capacity in the center area. Moreover, the productive connection formed in the process of the technical communication or transaction, can also help to consolidate and expand production network within park or in between different parks, which would further promote the collaborative development of science and technology parks.Finally, for the collaborative development of science and technology parks in P district of Shanghai,the dissertation proposed the following suggestions from the perspective of practical application:First of all, strengthen policy coordination and enhance the vitality of the park development; Secondly, improve the management coordination and establish a mechanism for a smooth operation system; Thirdly, promote industrial coordination, and develops According to the different orientation; The Fourth suggestion is to perfect the coordination functions, plan and guide the complementation of advantages; The Fifth suggestion is to strengthen service coordination, and gradually optimize the overall environment in the park; The Sixth, suggestion is to form the innovation coordination and elevated research and development ability in the park; The Seventh suggestion is to pay attention to brand coordination, fully excavates the intrinsic additional value of the park; The Eighth suggestion is to explore capital synergy to provide the pathway for the financing investment of science and technology enterprise.