Study On Two-stage Efficiency Evaluation Of China’s Iron And Steel Enterprises Under Restrictions Of Resource And Environment

Under the background of the iron and steel industry economy micro-growth, the overcapacity, low-cost and small profit become the main characteristics of iron and steel industry. Meanwhile, the resource and environmental constraint factors which influence the industry development are increasing. This causes that improving the technical efficiency and total factor productivity of iron and steel enterprise is the fundamental of its green transformation and sustainable development. So it is necessary to measure the efficiency and productivity more accurately and reasonably by employing the new method.The research constructed the undesirable network SBM-DEA model and the Malmquist-luenberger productivity index model based on the network SBM-DEA method, brought the resource and environmental factors into the analysis framework of two-stage technical efficiency and productivity of the iron and steel enterprise from a new perspective of two-stage for the first time, and then measured the efficiency and total factor productivity of Chinese iron and steel enterprises’ overall, pre-iron and post-iron stage under the resources and environment restriction. Finally, we explored the effects of environmental regulation on total factor productivity of China’s iron and steel enterprise.The research results show that (1) the technical inefficiency widely exists in China’s iron and steel enterprises. The technical efficiency of the whole production, the pre-iron and post-iron stage under the constraint of resources and environment of China’s iron and steel enterprises during 2009-2013 is smaller than that under the resources restriction. Whether consider environmental constraints or not, the pre-iron stage is the key link influencing the overall technical efficiency. (2) Under the condition of existing technology, there is large space of energy-saving and emissions reduction. And the pre-iron stage is the focus of energy-saving and emissions reduction work, comparatively. (3) There is regional difference in the technical efficiency and total factor productivity of China’s iron and steel enterprise. Under the resource constraints, the average overall technical efficiency and total factor productivity of iron and steel enterprise in eastern, central and western area decrease in turn. After taking the pollution variable into consideration, the technical efficiency of overall and two stages in eastern and central area declined with different degree, while increasing in the western region with different degree. The average total factor productivity of overall, pre-iron and post-iron stage of iron and steel enterprises in eastern, central and western region is still reduced in turn. (4) Environmental constraints make the total factor productivity change index of overall and post-iron stage dropped significantly, while the total factor productivity change index of pre-iron stage has improved significantly. Whether considering the environmental factors or not, the total factor productivity growth of the overall, pre-iron and post-iron stage stems mainly from the technical efficiency improvement, the contribution of technological progress to the total factor productivity is negative. (5) The relationship between environmental regulation and the total factor productivity under resources and environment constraints is showed in lineshape with the "N". The average environmental regulation intensity of Chinese iron and steel enterprises during 2009-2013 lies at the left end of the first turning point. So the environmental regulation intensity has a negative influence on the TFP, and the "porter hypothesis" has not been verified. The scale variable has a significant negative influence on the total factor productivity, and R&D investment is significant positively related to the overall total factor productivity.