A Study On The Duality Of Urban And Rural Consumption For Migrant Workers

After the reform and opening up, along with the system of planned economy to market economy transition, production factors began to shift. Benefits from the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, a sharp increase in the production efficiency of agriculture, fundamental changes have taken place in supply and demand of rural labor force, which throughout the course of history started the outflow of rural surplus labor force. The system of its transfer mode has two kinds, both within and outside system modes. Within, mainly impacting on higher education, land used for urban construction and enlisting in the army, and outside the system is represented by farmers spontaneously migrating to large cities. Rural surplus labor force allows China’s urban and rural dual system bridge groups to benefit at the same time, are also under the urban and rural dual structure evolution lag, although not completely, as it occurs in urban employment so it still identifies the farmers in the "migrant workers" group.Migrant workers, "farmers" is their identity, "workers" refers to the profession. This career and identity from itself is the embodiment of the dual structure between urban and rural areas in China, and the situations of the migrant workers are bound to affect the cost of living. By the end of 2014, China’s urbanization rate has reached 54.6%, calculated on the registered population, however, China’s real urbanization rate is only 37.1%, the gap between both of these statistics mainly arises from migrant workers making up the main body of the floating population. The large scale of migrant workers and the rapid growth of income has caused a great number of scholars to consider them as the "third pole" of the consumer market. Coupled with the Chinese government’s eagerness to expand domestic demand to transform the economic growth mode, the urgent request of domestic academic research perspectives on migrant workers experienced by the "means of production" to "consumption subject". At present, peasant workers’ consumption has become a hotspot in the research of the domestic academic circles.As a high focal point of a social group, migrant workers have made a great contribution to China’s rapid economic growth but at the same time did not enjoy the workers’wages and benefits within the industry, which is not really fair. Migrant workers will inevitably face the personal and household consumption of urban and rural space division, due to the temporary migrant workers expected income not being stable, for the consideration of themselves and their families and the balance of urban and rural consumption, they finally formed the "into the city to earn money, home consumption mode", which caused the division of income between urban and rural areas and affected the scale, structure, distribution and consumption behavior differences between urban and rural areas, and many other problems, the author will refer to this as the phenomenon of consumption of urban and rural duality.Furthermore, in contrast to what domestic scholars who are studying rural migrant workers in a single consumption level, structure, behavior and influence factors, this article follows the theory of "traceability, present situation description, mechanism analysis, development trends, social effect, and countermeasures". Also including suggestions of the basic ideas, detailed carding about migrant workers urban and rural consumption, on the basis of domestic and foreign literature, combined with the specific features of urban and rural consumption of migrant workers, according to the theory of absolute income and life cycle theory for modeling basis, while also focusing on the nature of the income, city integration, identity, social security and consumer credit perspective and at the same time trying to explore the formation mechanism of urban and rural consumption, migrant workers and the developmental trend of duality consumption and social effect analysis and finally to put forward the strategy of bridging migrant workers consumption duality.In this paper, the main innovative results are as follows:(1) the specific features of urban and rural consumption of migrant workers. First of all, many migrant workers send money home in order to solve the problem of the segmentation of urban and rural income, although most migrant workers remit no more than 30% of their income. Second, migrant workers who enter the city, generally increase their personal consumption, but in terms of future consumption distribution between urban and rural areas only 25% of migrant workers would use half of their income on urban consumption. Finally, with the "migratory birds" type of migration between urban and rural migrant workers its amphibious consumption characteristics appear obviously.(2) the rural migrant workers in urban and rural consumption formation mechanism. According to Keynes’ absolute income hypothesis and life cycle consumption theory as the foundation of modeling, research with 1071 valid questionnaires at the same time as the data source of the empirical analysis results show that the salary income in proportion to the peasant workers’ household income growth, the increase of awareness of citizen identity, as well as the improvement of the consumer credit policy is advantageous in crossing the urban and rural consumption bridge, but the expected revenue growth is not stable and urban social security system may produce the opposite results. And based on the empirical conclusion, around the five points of concise binary consumption formation mechanism of migrant workers: system root, root cause, migration patterns, individual factors and product supply.(3) the rural migrant workers in urban and rural consumption trend predictions. In 2025 the total output of migrant workers in China is expected to reach its peak of 300 million people, and the future influx of migrant workers will most likely be focused on Chongqing, Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei and Sichuan. In 2013, according to this article which calculates the income and consumption of GDP score of migrant workers was 11.3% and 5.51% respectively. Migrant workers undoubtedly have considerable consumption potential.In terms of the present, the government does not have the ability to rapidly promote the peasant workers’citizenization, and forecasts that the future of the new generation of migrant workers will not return to the countryside, therefore, the rural migrant workers in the future consumption will become more focused on rural areas, but urban and rural consumption in the short term is difficult to eliminate.(4) the rural migrant workers in urban and rural consumption society effect. Migrant workers in cities have made great contributions to low-end consumerism which in turn has become an important source of income in rural areas. The consumption demonstration effect of urban and rural residents and migrant workers as the mediation of the carrier, to change the traditional consumption concept and improve the consumption structure is of great significance. At the same time, we can also see that for a long time migrant workers in cities maintain an "edge" status, which also makes its consumption a dilemma, and the new generation of migrant workers of conspicuous and symbol consumption behavior, is bound to squeeze its educational consumption expenditure, weaken the ability of becoming citizens, thus delaying the process of urbanization.(5) bridge migrant workers consumption of urban and rural duality countermeasures and suggestions. The solution for migrant workers in urban and rural consumption is related to their final place of living, be that becoming a citizen or returning to their rural hometowns. It is only possible to get rid of this consumption if migrant workers in urban and rural duality do not stay in the "edge" position. In the planning of rural migrant workers living in the future, the government played a key role. Therefore, only the government attaches great importance to the consumption dilemma of the migrant workers, willing to provide service equalization of public products and services for rural migrant workers, including a series of consumer policy support, by creating a good atmosphere of migrant workers in cities or those who return to the countryside and also to urge enterprises to not only focus on production for citizens, and the training of migrant workers in the future consumption hot spots. Only in this way, with the accumulation of time, the migrant workers are likely to resolve the dilemma of the urban and rural consumption.