Study Of 19 Plant Species Composition Of The Volatile Oil And Some Biological Activity

In plants there are many secondary substances called volatile oils,whose chemical composition and biological activities is one of the important fields because of their physiological functions.This paper reports both the chemical composition and biological activities of volatile oils and the biological activities of complex medicine made of Gentianae Macrophyllae,Angelica Pubescens,Notopterygium incisum,Herba viscid,Smilacis Glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus.The volatile oils are from typical Guizhou minority medicine like Zingiber corallinum,Blumea balsamifera,Periploca forrestii,Herba Polygoni Capitati, Radix pittospori and other plants as Caulis sargentodoxae,Caulis spatholob,Morinda officinalis,Smilax glabra,Dendrobium Loddigesii,Herba visci,Camptotheca acuminate, Gentiana macrophylla,Angelica Pubescens,Notopterygium incisum,Astragalus membranaceus as well as transgenic tobaccos.The volatile oils,analyzed by GC-MS and identified with their mass spectra,were obtained by steam distillation with hexane or supercritical CO₂ extraction.The relative percentage of the oil constituents was calculated from the GC peak areas,whose antibacterial activities were studied by the liquid cultivation and the agar culture method while the toxicity to Plutella xylostella was measured by spraying method and leaf dipping method.As for the biological activities of complex medicine,it was tested with mice.The results of the research are:The most components from volatile oils were Terpinen-4-ol,Sabinene,β-Sesquiphellandrene in the oil of Zingiber corallinum;L-Borneol,Linalool,Longifolene, Alloaromadendrene,Caryophyllene oxid,β-Pinene,β-Caryophyllene,L-Camphor in Blumea balsamifera;E-anethole,linalool methyl chavicol in Periploca forrestii schltr;1-Octen-3-ol, 2-Hexenalγ-Gurjunene,(E)-2-Heptenal,Nonanal in Herba Polygoni Capitati;dodecanal, 1-dodecanol,dodecanoic acid,tetradecanal in Radix pittospori;δ-cadinen,α-cadinol,δ-cadinol,α-muurolene,α-copaene in Caulis sargentodoxae;L-Borneol,α-Zingiberene,Ar-Curcumene in Morinda officinalis;Nonanal,Hexanal,Linalool,β-Selinene,3-Hexen-1-ol,Octanal in Dendrobium Loddigesii;Palmitic acid,Terpinen-4-ol,Linoleic acid in Smilax glabra; Limonene,Terpinene-4-ol,AR-Tumerone,Benzaldehyde in Herba viscid;4-Terpineol, 1-Hexanol,Nonanal,Palmitic acid,Betula in Camptotheca acuminate;Palmitic acid,Ethyl palmitate in Gentiana macrophylla;β-Phellandrene,α-Pinene in Angelica Pubescens; α-Pinene,β-Pinene in Notopterygium incisum;Terpinen-4-ol,Palmitic acid,Ethyl linoleate, Ethyl palmitate,Oleic acid,Ethyl oleate in Astragalus membranaceus.Besides,in two kinds of volatile oils from GUIZHOU Caulis spatholobi and GUANXI Caulis spatholobi there were twenty-seven same substances.In the volatile oil of transgenic tobacco,two substances like Decanal and 1,13-Tetradecadiene were identified,which indicated that the metabolism of plant could be controlled by gene engineering.The antibacterial activities of volatile oils from Zingiber corallinum and Blumea balsamifera showed that Zingibe corallinum oil were MIC 4160μl/L to Aeromonas hydrophila,EC₅₀ 247.80 mg/L(Y=3.7940X-4.0832,r=0.9705) to Fusarium graminearum, EC₅₀ 99.64mg/L(Y=2.6716+1.1651X,r=0.9090) to Magnaporthe grisea and EC₅₀ 106.16mg/L(Y=2.3909+1.2878X,r=0.9964) to Thanatephorus cucumeris;That of Blumea balsamifera oil were MIC 2080μl/L to Aeromonas hydrophila,EC₅₀ 465.60 mg/L (Y=2.7417X-2.3149,r=0.9850) to Fusarium graminearum,EC₅₀ 194.92 mg/L (Y=2.3021X-0.2715,r=0.9636) to Magnaporthe grisea.Zingibe corallinum oil's LC₅₀ (the toxicity to Plutella xylostella) was 4274 mg/L while Blumea balsamifera oil's LC₅₀ was 4107mg/L(72h).It showed good development in use.As for the complex medicine,whose toxicity tests suggested safe,could inhibit producing uric acid and the pain of mice caused by acetic acid and heat.It also could prevent gouty arthritis.