| In veterinary clinic, canine mammary tumor is a common type of tumors in female dogs which threatens the health of dogs. We collected 60 cases of this disease from shanghai area, and studied them about individual background to reveal correlations between the background and incidence; Tumor samples were collected from clinical cases which were treated with operation, and then analyzed at cytology, histology and ultra-microstructure level. The results were obtained in this study as follows:1 60mammary tumor cases were collected at three small animal hospitals in Shanghai. Etiology was studied. Breeds at risk for developing mammary gland tumors included Pekingese, Shih Tzu, Germany Shepherds, Pomeranian and Poodle also had a high incidence rate. Incidence of Pekingese and Shih Tzu were 30.0% and 26.67%, respectively among these breeds. The age of dogs at diagnosis mostly ranged from 8 to 10 years old. Aged and middle aged dogs were at higher risk. Non-pregnant and intact dogs in life or dogs with pseudopregnancy, pyometra might significantly increase the incidence of mammary tumor. Dogs which fed with table scraps were at higher risk(38.33%), and those fed with commercial food were less affected (13.33%). Tumors occurred in a single mammary gland or several glands. The last two pairs of glands (the 4th and 5th glands) were affected the most commonly. After surgical treatment, we found the size of the mammary tumor was relative to patient's prognosis. And selection of single gland of mammectomy or total mammectomy aslo affected the prognosis.2 Tumor specimens about 31 cases extirpated from surgical operations, were detected by the histopathological means. Pathologic morphological changes, types and degrees of mammary tumor were analyzed, which can supply to provide the types of mammary tumor and pathologic changes. The results showed that there were 12 benign cases (38.7%) and 19 malignant cases (61.8%) among 31 cases. The benign mammary tumors most included fibroadenoma (16.13%) and the malignant cases most were breast tuber-adenoma (29.03%). Structure of malignant mammary tumors mainly with electronmicroscopy showed that the intracytoplasmic organelle especially rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (RER) had obviously increased; There were obvious karyoschisis in nucleolus, and irregular even malformed form. The nucleoli were evidently pycnosis and the karyotheca were unsmooth. This article understand the pathological change of cells in the sub-cell (organelle) level, which can provide the diagnosis and the treatment basis to canine mammary tumor.3 The surgical therapy weas mainly practiced in mammary tumors. The results of follow-up visit after operation showed that will have some influence on prognosis, which included the benign or malignant, the size of canine mammary tumor, and excising of partial or all mammary. The results showed the increasing ratio of inefficacy after tumor excision operation with the bigger tumors:25%(< 100 g),37.5%(50～100 g),50%(100～200 g),57.1%(>200 g). A dog recovered in a case of unilateral mastectomy; 2 dogs recovered (66.67%) in 3 cases of single mastectomy,12 dogs recovered (48.0%) in 27 cases of regional excision tumor. That indicated that single or unilateral mastectomy have effected on prognosis.
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