The Study Of Tiezici In Song Dynasty

The thesis studies Tiezici(帖子词) in Song dynasty,which consists of 10 chapters.ChapterⅠdeals with the concept and characteristics of Tiezici in Song dynasty. Tiezici takes its name from its usage, which refers to poems used as door cards. There are many kinds of door cards,and one of which, with auspicious words on them,has been regulated to become a necessity for Spring Beginning Festival (lichun) and Dragon Boat Festival in Song palace. The poems are usually five or seven-character quatrains written by the scholars in Scholar Office (xueshiyuan). The Chinese characters of Tiezici(帖子词which means card words) sometimes are written as Tiezici(贴子词which means card words be pasted),but Tiezici(帖子词) is more acceptable and can be divided into two forms, Tiezici of Spring Beginning Festival and Tiezici of Dragon Boat Festival. The writing of Tiezici is always out of the emperors'will, which has certain stylized writing patterns. Usually, a group of Tiezici is written by one author alone or two in collaboration.ChapterⅡexploits the two reasons of the creation and prosperity of Tiezici, one is due to the development of the society and culture, the other is because of the literature itself. Tiezici is closely related to social stability, economic prosperity and cultural development in Song, and which is also a ramification of a high degree of prosperity of Song festival culture. From the literary point of view, it is the results of development of the former palace festival poetry,palace words and the door decoration words.ChapterⅢandⅣare textual research of authors and writing time of the existing Song Tiezici. Through analysis of the literary works, textual research of the authors, clarification of the poems'writing time and the identity of the authors, the thesis is to make a further elaboration of the writing institution of Tiezici, the total creation of Tiezici, the chronicles of existing Tiezici works and the authorship of the writers. Based upon this, ChapterⅤandⅥhackle the development and evolution of Song Tiezici, which covers six stages:Zhenzong period was the initial stage of Tiezici, and XiaSong was its first author. Tiezici of this period showed atypical features in title, genre, quantity, etc, which established a model for the later Tiezici. Renzong period was the maturity stage of Tiezici. It became completely mature and regulated, and its writing was an annual tradition at Spring Beginning Festival and Dragon Boat Festival, and a large number of advanced scholars participated in the Tiezici creation. Ouyang Xiu's creation played a decisive role in the history of Tiezici writing and brought great changes in its writing. From Yingzong to Yuanyou period of Zhezong, it is the stage of Tiezici's prosperity. Many well-known poets such as Sima Guang, Su Shi,Su Zhe and Su Song involved in the creation of Tiezici and wrote it one month in advance normally and gained great success. From Zhezong Shaosheng to Qinzong, this period witnessed the decline of Tiezici because of the banishment of Yuanyou scholars and strict literary taboo, thus the creation of Tiezici was at low ebb. In Jingkang chaos, Tiezici writing suspended until the restoration in the thirteenth year of Gaozong Shaoxing. In the period of Xiaozong, Tiezici writing entered into the recovery stage, during which the major writers were Zhou Bida and Cui Dunshi. After Xiaozong, Tiezici writing continued, but ended in chaos at the end of the Song dynasty. The basic characteristics of Tiezici in Northern Song dynasty had been maintained in Southern Song dynasty, and a group of Tiezici was created by two poets sometimes without one month in advance.ChapterⅦandⅧinquire into the ideological content and artistic features of Tiezici, the former include five categories: chronicling of the festival and season,blessings,praise, narrative of the facts and remonstrance. Firstly, the most basic content of Tiezici is the seasonal customs and natural scenery description of the Spring Beginning Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival because the function of Tiezici is to eliminate all ills and to pray for happiness; The second theme is to express the longing for longevity, multi-child, peace and prosperity; The third theme of the Tiezici is to give praise to the national peace and prosperity, to the virtues of the caring, virtuous, thrifty and filial piety of the ruling class; The fourth topic of Tiezici is the description of the court ceremonies, important events, daily lives and other current affairs; The fifth topic of Tiezici is remonstrating with rulers regarding their governance and self-cultivation. Tiezici has quite remarkable artistic features, the first is its clear-cut patterns and structural similarity; the second is its concentrated images and elegant language; the third is its common adoption of the allusions; the last one is its harmonic phonology and metrical precision.The chapterⅨandⅩdelve further into the value and impact of Song Tiezici. The value of Tieizici lies in three fields such as literature, history and customs. Literarily, Song Tiezici inherits the"praiseful"and"satirical"tradition of the Chinese classical poems, blending ridicule in the praise so that praise literature also functions in the social and political life, which enriches poetry themes as well as making itself an unique poetic genre and festive verse poetry. Furthermore, Tiezici has expanded the form of the sonnet sequence. The history of the Tiezici reflects the growing history of the Song poetry, from which the thread and law of Song poetry development can be glimpsed. Tiezici has certain historical value, its factual description of persons and matters in Song court and its timely and accurate reflection of the palace events not only facilitate the understanding of the court life in Song dynasty, especially festival life and customs, but also replenish other documental shortage of epic and revise documental errors. Tiezici also has a higher custom value. It displays the full detail of the festival customs in Song court, reflects indirectly the development and evolution of some festive ceremony and customs in Song dynasty, and represents the customary idea of the age as well. In short, door cards and Tiezici in Song dynasty have considerable influence on customs, which have exerted profound impact upon the non-palace door cards and Tiezici of that age, upon the door cards and door-card poetry in Jin and Yuan dynasties, upon the Spring Festival couplets in Ming and Qing dynasties, upon the palace Tiezici in Qing Dynasty as well as the foreign posts and Tiezici. In addition, Tiezici has certain influence on the content and images of the traditional festival poetry.