Ancient Architecture And Archaeo-astronomy

"Astronomy Archaeology" (Archaeastronomy) is a new type of Historical sites research method which first appeared in Britain during late 19th century and early 20th century. After nearly a century of tortuous development, it has gradually spread from Europe to North Africa, North America, Asia and other regions, and also playsa extensive and far-reaching international impact. This discipline makes settlements, architecture, landscape, symbols and texts of historic monuments as the research object, to explore the nature of the original time and space as well as the early technical principles of time and space estimation, combining ancient knowledge of astronomy to verify the inherent time and space relationship and characteristics. Its main features can be manifested as the original time and space as well as the time and space estimated technology is the foundation of the research; the astronomy, archeology, ethnology, architecture and other interdisciplinary is the platform for research; the sun, moon, planets and other celestial bodies is the main reference; the geometry, spatial axis, visual alignment and other space features as the standard. Overall, astronomical archaeology introduced ancient astronomy principles and techniques, is an innovative ways of study about ancient early architectural historian of time and space nature.This thesis will be the first general and systematic introduction about"astronomical archeology"concept in the field of domestic architecture history research. The thesis uses a method of combining theory and practice, the section layout uses the structure of overview-point out. The main contents include: (1) Overall Research: summarized the "astronomical archeology" research status, clarify the basic concepts and theoretical basis, divided into four stages according to development and transmission characteristics in different periods, summarizes the basic characteristics and research framework of astronomical archaeological research integrated with the unique context and major turning point events in various stages. (2)Taxonomic Study: classified according to geographical features of ancient civilization, collect and collate worldwide historical sites which have the astronomical characteristics, briefly outlines the impact of time and space phenomenon in different regions to ancient buildings. (3) Special Research: in terms of expressions about the original time and space characteristics, according to the operating laws of celestial bodies, location of building space as well as the basic morphological features, divide the performance of the astronomical features into three ways which are Sun, moon and planets alignment, horizontal and vertical axis, as well as geometry and digital representation. Summarize every way's time and space content and compositional characteristics, and then conclude basic ways to composite ancient astronomy time and space characteristics. In the basic classification of the original time and space characteristics, investigate according to the classification of petroglyphs, landscape and architectural level, analysis with examples, and relatively comprehensive summarize the historical sites with astronomical information. (4) Case analysis and conclusions: first of all, Analysis the basic shape about the development of early religious architecture, propose inside and outside forms and space are impacted by original time and space technology, reveal the consistency of the nature, summarize the application characteristics of religious buildings'time and space estimated technology; secondly, according to the regularity"Toward the East"phenomenon of early ancient architecture, analysis the impact of original time and space theory to spatial orientation, determine the generation order and principle of the four basic position, through the taxonomic study and contrast of building towards, refining the natural impact of original time and space idea to architectural design. Finally, evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of"astronomical archeology"at current stage from the objective point of view, against its successes and failures, propose recommendations of the research of China's architecture history.