The Early Modernization Study Of Harbin Municipal (1898-1931)

Harbin is a young arisen city aroused following the Chinese eastern railway construction. Harbin is not only a colonized city but also the non-treaty Port of Chinese government before 30's year of 20th century, is a dual city that congest with multiplicate powers. The special geographical position and the objective function of colonize aggression made it rapidly became a flourishing international trading and immigrant city, and all along full of multiplex color.Harbin at Modern times is an existence of complex and particular, it's a special type of China city in Modern times.The early of 20th century is also a very important period for modern Chinese urban development, the progress and backwardness of modern municipal is important to weigh modernizing level index and direct reflection. This article use Harbin municipal modernizing as main clue, take municipal three basic compose parts: city regime organization, public infrastructure construction and city management as main content, introduced urban sociology, city geography, city planning study, city cultural science, etc. multi-subjects study method, process completely, systematically discuss with Modernize of Harbin municipal at early 20th Century.This article clears up the complex of Harbin urban regime, and also sum up and analysis colonized urban regime which set in Russian Empire time, the beginning of municipal management system at latter Qing dynasty, and the urban regime construct after take back the regime , government composition and relative laws and regulations at Republic Of China time, through the study of modern Harbin city government system construction and operation mechanism evolution, discusses the dynamic track and it's own characteristic of Harbin reforming type.This article also clear up and sum up the city management basic condition such as : city planning, urban land development and utilize ,roads and traffic, water , electricity and communication, fire fighting, epidemic prevention, social charity and almsgiving, etc.Based on the conclude of material advancement and achievement, emphasis on study the outlay resource of city construction, organization format and management system mode and operation, etc., clarify that city government according to modern times mode planning and developing city space, in municipal lay specialization, scientific, legal basis developing trend ,as well as disclose complex contradictory and multiplicate twists during this process.At the end of the article, through the analysis the relation between related national sovereignty and the foreign aggression, government authority and the public organization among city regime organization, municipal construction and municipal management, discussed municipal development changing from public leading to government lading and discussed the rouse of national consciousness and national autonomy consciousness during municipal developing from the view of sovereign rights and the public, survey the municipal modernize process of Harbin city. Moreover, put Harbin municipal modernize into the same time of China and world city modernize whole background to make review and compare study, try to disclose the times particularity and area particularity of Harbin forepart municipal modernize, thereby make case study have universal science theory meaning and realism function calue.