| The Public Education Museum which was created and led by the government was a kind of socialeducation institutions in Nanjing National Government period. It was different from school education.The Public Education Museum,known as the "central organ" and "comprehensive organ", was widelyestablished in the urban and rural areas to implement the social education, facing to the public. In1928,Jiangsu firstly established the Public Education Museum, and then gradually extended to rural areasfrom cities, giving the grass-roots more all-round modernized transformation. After the outbreak ofAnti-Japanese War in1937, the Jiangsu Public Education Museum which was affected by the war wasclosed or migrated, so the business was basically stopped.In the decade from1928to1937, the Jiangsu Public Education Museum committed to socialtransformation activity to improve the popular culture and people's livelihood, and also to shape thecivic concept. At the beginning of the establishment of the Jiangsu Public Education Museum, themodernized transformation for grass-roots was focused on the literacy education. In the early1930s,because of the destitution of the people's livelihoods, the emphasis was transferred to the guidance oflivelihood. After1935, with the deepening of modernization and national crisis, the modernizedtransformation was focused on shaping the civic concept. Overall, for the Jiangsu Public EducationMuseum, the characteristics of improving the popular culture were foundational and educational. Thecharacteristics of improving the people's livelihood were of emergency and directive. The characteristicsof shaping the civic concept were grass-root and social. Generally speaking,the social transformationactivities have achieved certain effects. Moreover, the Jiangsu Public Education Museum pattern wasspread to the whole country as a "paradigm", making a great social impact. The Public EducationMuseum, as the longest one of the official transformation models implemented during the NanjingNational Government period, was empowered with the "authority" role in the grass-root society whilethe grass-root power was very weak for the government. This role was convenience for it to promotemodernization strongly from the higher levels to the grass roots. At the same time, it played a positiverole on improving the quality of people's culture and living condition, on the pursuit of the grass-rootsocial self-governance and on spreading the modern civilization concept. In addition, the academiccircle generally believe that, before the Anti-Japanese war, the boundary of the government's powercould reach ended at the county level, the control under the county level could be achieved onlyindirectly through the non-government forces. However, the Jiangsu Public Education Museum patternindicated that to a certain extent it made up for the "absence"of the government management for grass-root society with its"authority"role.Of course, due to the political environment, national quality and the defects of the PublicEducation Museum, the social transformation of the Jiangsu Public Education Museum inevitably hasbeen restricted, which affected its performance. Furthermore, observed with the "Institutional changetheory", the official color transformation pattern's success or failure depended on the government'sattitude to a great extent. Moreover, the transformation model, based on the rationality of the existingpolitical economic system, belongs to the improvement social pattern. Also its modernizedtransformation to the grass-root society inevitably had the historical limitations. However, although itfinally bankrupted due to the end of modernization caused by the high centralization of state power, itcouldn't obliterate what the Public Education Museum has contributed to Jiangsu and even the wholecountry in exploring the modernization.
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