1930s .20 Peking Urban Management

In 1930's,the Peking municipality managed to establish the administration system of the city at inchoative level,which was expatiated in the dissertation from four aspects,that is the traffic management,the public sanitation management,the medical sanitation management and the society management.Chapter one is about the traffic management. First,it recounts the road administration. The Working Bureau was in charge of the work of building and maintaining of roads,establishing some relevant regulations to process in accordance with laws. To solve the financial problem of road building,the municipality established the rule of collecting road-building fees from the beneficial landlords living at the roads. Second,it narrates the traffic vehicles administration. To administrate the traffic vehicles,the municipality established a complete system of registration and inspection,purporting mainly to guarantee the collection of vehicle fees. Third,it expounds the way of traffic order keeping. In the process of coordination and maintenance of the traffic order,the Police established a set of traffic rules,which both suited with traffic situation at that time and were easy for people to follow,stipulating detailed gestures of traffic direction to make the direction consistent. Besides,the Police took several special actions to coordinate traffic orders,although they did not work very well. Forth,it discusses the administration of Rickshaw Men. The life of Rickshaw Men were in very poor. They were the largest group in the Peking labor force so that affected the stabilization and flourish of the society. The Municipality did take many measures to relieve them,which were mainly in vain.Chapter two discuss the management of public sanitation. First,it describes the system of Sanitation inspector. To clean the city to create a clean public circumstance,the Municipality assumed the responsibility of the administration of public sanitation,trying all the best to foster inspectors. Second,it discusses the management of environmental sanitation. To administrate the roads cleaning,the relevant regulating bureau divided the work and regulated legally to achieve a relatively good result. It also took useful measures to make use of the strengths from all the ways to solve the problem of rubbish pile-up effectively. But to the collection and disposition of dejecta,its attempt to innovate to have it administrated failed because of the great conflict of the respective economic benefit between the municipality and dejecta businessmen,which resulted in the disorder of the collection and disposition of dejecta. Third,it narrates the check-up for drinking-water and food. To the drinking water,the bureau worked to have it disinfected and inspected,which resulted little. To the restaurants,it set the demand of the sanitation of food and drinks and established the system of inspection. Fourth,it depicts the supervision of public place sanitation. To the public places such as bathhouses,barber's and public entertainment places,the bureau enacted relevant sanitation regulations,but most of which were for top grade consumption places. At last,it expatiates the popularization of public sanitation. In the process of administration of public sanitation,the relevant regulating bureau of sanitation recognized that the poor sanitation knowledge of civilians prevent the sanitation administration from processing normally,so that it took the measures to popularize the knowledge in the way of sanitation education and sanitation activities.Chapter three discusses the management of iatric hygiene. The relevant regulating bureau of sanitation established the institution of management of people who worked as iatric profession toregulate their behaviors and to guarantee the medical quality. To solve the problem of the shortage of professionals of Western medicine at that time in Peking,the government paid the attention to foster medical persons in the way of training with active service simultaneously. To administrate the medicine,the bureau enac...