Implicit Social Cognition: The Stereotype Of The Theoretical And Experimental Research

The research of stereotype hasn't led a successful way until the appearance of cognition, especially when Greenwald and Banaji brought about the concept of implicit social cognition in 1995, and implicit stereotype became one of the main content of this concept as implicit attitude and implicit self-esteem. Implicit stereotype are the introspectively unidentified(or inaccurately) traces of past experience that attributions of qualities to members of a social category, which helps people understand stereotype from the point of view of unconscious more deeply.There is a traditional theoretical opinion which has occupied in Psychology field for almost 40 years, that is, stereotype is automatically activated and can not be changed and controlled by the aim and strategy of percipients. With the improvement of measurements, such an opinion has been facing more and more challenges and receiving more and more attention, thus attracting a lot of research interests.One of the main target of this dissertation is to investigate unconscious operation of stereotype, such as unconscious priming and change of implicit stereotype, through designing a serious of studies based on the research on pencil-and-paper version of the IAT and primary-secondary judgment of fuzzy mathematics. Sex stereotype, occupation stereotype and area stereotype have been used as materials in it. This dissertation has three parts as follows:The first part contains the whole conceit and background. It mainly reviews the definition of stereotype, mental representation, research history and measurements and introduces the investigation of implicit stereotype (including unconscious psychology), thus brings about the whole conceit.The second part consists of a series of studies. The first two studies mainly discuss the mechanism of implicit stereotype-the relation between implicit activation and automatic activation, and between implicit stereotype and ingroup/outgroup favoritism; The next four studies mainly probe into the influence factors of implicit stereotype, such as the inhibitive effect of social tuning, perceive-taking and suppression. The details read as following:Study 1 uses primary-secondary judgment of fuzzy mathematics to assort with Semantic Priming procedure. It indicates: that age stereotype contains automatic activation, but no sexual difference; and that stereotypes related to age activated by different priming words have diverse effect on the judgment to age, meanwhile none of the subjects is conscious of it, which proves the existence of implicit stereotype; and that the evaluation of human is somewhat fuzzy, so primary-secondary judgment of fuzzy mathematics which is wholly a new trial should be helpful to the quantitative research in social cognition field.Study 2 uses the two IAT of area stereotype and ingroup/outgroup favoritism as materials and measurements, and probes into the relationship between them. It finds out: that the implicit effect of stereotype and ingroup favoritism remarkably exist; and that the implicit effect of Shanghainese more than that of outlanders and outlanders show somewhat implicit effect and ingroup favoritism; and that both Shanghainese and outlanders has ingroup favoritism, but outlanders show some identify to weakness,that is outgroup favoritism; and that it proves that LAT designed by us is feasible, high efficient, economical, convenient and practical.Study 3 uses LAT of sex-occupation stereotype as materials and measurements, and arranges different experimenters to manage the study. It indicates: that male subjects presents less implicit stereotype under female experimenters than under male experimenters, but female subjects haven't, which proves that social turning has notable effect on male subjects; and that both male and female subjects present remarkable implicit effect. It confirms again that LAT is simple and practicable.Study 4 compares with the IAL results of sex-occupation stereotype under 3 imaginary condition. It finds out: that the suppression effect of counterste...