"li Zhuowu" Novels, Theatrical Criticism In The Study

Mainly appeared in the late Ming Dynasty, the punctuations and annotations on the novels and operas by " Li Zhuowu " not only had extensive involving surface but also reached the suitable depth of theory. The text which be punctuated and annotated were not merely involved nearly all masterpiece classical texts, also involved that texts of that time of prevalence partly at that time. And some classical texts had many kinds punctuating and annotating by "Li Zhuowu" . The name "Li Zhuowu" became a "names altogether" people wanted. And people using it to promote one's own works to sell. I plan to present this phenomenon of punctuating and annotating "phenomenon Li Zhuowu" . It was one peak in the history of Chinese literature criticism."Li Zhuowu" 's punctuations and annotations appeared in Ming Dynasty benefited the abundance of the operas and novels creating and extensive spreading at that time. And benefited the special cultural policy and culture atmosphere of that era too. The psychology of literati at that time while punctuating and annotating the novels, operas could be summarized"voluntary psychology" , "self-respect" and "taboo" . Popular literature' s status was improved to some extent at that time, the literati could outside traditional way and could accept to express the feelings in way that the novels, operas punctuations and annotations. This is"voluntary psychology" . Among the texts of novels, operas which be punctuated and annotated, the overwhelming majority part of them was created in Ming Dynasty. This reflected the sense of self-respect of era to their works of people at that time. If not, they will not take a lot of trouble for time-consuming punctuating and annotating them. The"taboo" psychology had complicating functions. On one hand is it made people who punctuated and annotated could accept put name of other people on their works; on the other hand, it made a part of persons who punctuated and annotated in somebody else's name performed the task perfunctorily. Because it appeared in the atmosphere that faking was in vogue, and when all the punctuations and annotations by "Li Zhuowu" appeared, Li Zhuowu had been dead. And his works was burned some times. So from that time, "Li Zhuowu" ' s punctuations and annotations was suspected generally that they were not written by Li Zhuowu. And different people,different views, all can gave their ov/n evidence, but most of these evidences are lacked of absolute convincingness. I think since we are unable to have precise evidence for the moment now, we can regard them as doing in somebody else's name to punctuate and annotate temporarily. Certainly, even they are "fake products" , the overwhelming majority of them was not "fake and poor product" meanwhile."Li Zhuowu" ' s punctuations and annotations on novels and operas could agree with the fashion consciousness of the times, in this way they could cater to people's likes, became the series of punctuations and annotations rather well received on the market. These punctuations and annotations works pointed out "mend generation" thought of current social maladies, realizing "raising true while restraining false" thought of life to have, and the game pen and ink making people enjoying. In "Li Zhuowu" punctuations and annotations, there have communicating places in reflection of fashion of consciousness. But there also had certain difference natures too. This difference reflected the changes of the atmosphere of whole quality of punctuations and annotations at that time."Li Zhuowu" ' s novels, operas punctuations and annotations also was an indispensable ring in the development history of Chinese aesthetic. Regard Rong Yutang and Yuan Wuya' " the Water Margin " as representative, "Li Zhuowu" ' s punctuations and annotations was under the guidance of history pen " idea, doing beneficial discussion to relation with plot and true life, the skills and techniques. And in punctuations and annotations, revealing the people who punctuated and annotated looked " magical" as beauty, appreciating shape and spirit be combined, and advocating "nature" . These aspects formed main content of aesthetic interesting and charming in "Li Zhuowu" ' s punctuations and annotations.Say on the whole, punctuations and annotations have two kinds of basic shapes: comments and symbols. For a long time, because of various kinds of reasons, have caused the absence studied about the latter. Concrete to "Li Zhuowu" ' s punctuations and annotations, symbols had their own symbol functions, such as sentences and phrases identification, showing grammar, appraisal, briefing and etc. Among these functions, there were some different from the comments, or had contacts with comments. Moreover, the symbols also had differentiation editions, carry on theory appraise together with comment, and brief a certain deep meaning.