The Diachronic And Synchronic Inquiry Into The Capacity For The Movement Verbs "Lai/qu" ("来/去") Carrying Objects

The thesis mainly researches the situations of the movement verbs "lai/qu(来/去)" carrying objects from the synchronic and the diachronic aspects, and deeply analyses the capacity of "lai/qu(来/去)" carrying objects and the developed process of their transition. The thesis takes "the two triangles" theory ("form-sense-value" and "mandarin-dialect-ancient Chinese") as the instruction. The author emphatically discourses these questions from the perspectives of "form-sense" and "mandarin-ancient Chinese".The entire thesis is composed of seven parts in addition to the preface and the conclusion.The preface gives a brief comment on the existing research results about the transition of verbs and the classification of "lai/qu(来/去)", and proposes a standard by which the strength and weakness of the capacity of carrying objects are distinguished.In the first chapter, the author probes systematically the diachronically changing process of the verb "lai(来)" carrying an object and discusses the cause of the strengthened capacity for its carrying an object. The result shows that in a diachronic development, the phenomenon of "lai(来)" carrying an object reveals an increasing tendency, the semantic types of the object behind "lai(来)" have been getting more and more, the capacity for "lai(来)n carrying an object has been getting stronger and stronger, and now it has had a stronger transition. Based on the above, the author analyses the cause of the strengthening capacity for the verb "lai(来)" carrying an object, and points out that there are three main reasons of the strengthening capacity and its transition: the movement of the light-verb, the development of the relative forms and the strongly assimilative function of verb-object structure.In the second chapter, the author researches systematically the diachronically changing process of the verb "qu(去)" carrying an object and emphatically analyses the syntactic and the semantic conditions in which its meaning items of "going" and "leaving for" were produced. The results indicates that there was a higher appearing frequency of "qu₁(去₁)" containing the "leaving" sense and "qu₂(去₂)" containing the "removing" sense in the Pre-qin time , which both had a strong ability to carry an object, however, a degradation began to emerge in different degrees since the Western-han Dynasty, "qu₃(去₃)" expressing "distance" is opposite to "qu₁(去₁)" and "qu₂(去₂)"- it had a lower appearing frequency in Pre-qin time, gradually increased since the Westem-han Dynasty, again it degraded after Jin Dynasty until it was scarcely used, "qu₄(去₄)" containing the sense of "leaving for" turned up in the Western-han Dynasty, its capacity for carrying an object experienced a historical developing process from growing out of nothing. Now, "qu₄(去₄)" has already had certain transition. The author also analyses the conditions, reasons, and distinguishing standards of producing the meaning items of "going" and "leaning for", which displays that the production of the form "qu(去) +VO" directly promoted the production of the meanings of "going" and "leaving for", and proposes that the forms of "gu(去)+V+O" and "qu(去)V+O" are the different syntactic forms which causes the meaning items of "going" and " leaving for" to exist.In the third chapter, the author analyses the syntactic and the semantic features of the verbs "lai/qu(来/去)" and their superior alignments. The author thinks that in the semantics, the verbs "lai/qu(来/去)" own the characteristics of movement, single direction, weak action, process and time, which create the semantic limitation to the objects following them; in the syntax, the author divides the movement sentences containing "lai/qu(来/去)" into four types of sentence patterns, such as "start +lai/qu(来/去) +end, lai/qu(来/去)+end, stait+lai/qu(来/去), no appearance of start and end" and inquires their respective used frequency. The author studies the superior alignments of the capacity for "lai/qu(来/去)" carrying objects and finds that the superior alignments of "lai(来)" is : locative object > agent object > patient object > result object, way object, purpose object; and the superior alignment is: locative object > agent object > causative object.In the fourth chapter , the author analyses the referent point and the moving direction of "lai/qu(来/去)" in the structure of "lai/qu(来/去)+O", discusses the alternative phenomena between "lai(来)" and "qw(去)" inquires the uses of the verb "lai(来)" as a suxdo.In the fifth chapter, the author first discusses the dissymmetrical forms of their carrying objects. The conclusion is that this dissymmetry is mainly revealed in two aspects: one is the dissymmetry in the diachronic developing process and the other is the dissymmetry in the synchronic ability to carrying an object. Finally, the author analyses the process and the causes of the semantic generalization of "lai/qu(来/去)".In the end, the author gives a conclusion of all the viewpoints in the thesis.