Poem-monks In The Northern Song Dynasty

The research on Buddhism literature is an emerging discipline, the studies on poem-monks is an important part of it, which involves to two domains-the Buddhism culture and the classical literature. At present, Researchers pays attention to the Tang Dynasty poem-monks' research, but neglects the poem-monks after the Tang Dynasty. In view of this, this article selects the poem-monks in Northern Song Dynasty to take the research object, attempting to make up insufficiency of the research.Firstly, the introduction has carried on the simple review to both domestic and foreign research present situation. The Northern Song Dynasty does not lack poem-monks' literary work and monk's poem, but the research on Northern Song Dynasty poem-monks actually is relatively weak, besides 12 renowned poem-monks, many other poem-monks are not known. Therefore, the reorganization of the Northern Song Dynasty poem-monks' basic documents and the monk's poem research are the main content of this article. Next, the introduction part shows the key point and the significance of this article. Last, explains the several related concepts which had to be used in the main text.The first chapter is about the inspection of the Northern Song Dynasty poem-monks' distribution and the literature creation situation. First, the method of the quantitative analysis is adopted to the Northern Song Dynasty poem-monks' region and the ancestor gate distribution, and proved by the particular data. Next combs the Northern Song Dynasty poem-monks' creation situation, mainly through the collected works of an individual author and the examination of the work, to reappear former days in which poem-monks poured forth the time and the monk's poem prospered.The second chapter is mainly about the reason of the reappearance of the many poem-monks. Mainly through the following four aspects: first, the Song Dynasty's Buddhism policy; second, the strict Buddhism interior discipline and the degree of the common customs; third, the relationship of Buddhist priest and the literary intelligentsia; fourth, the compatible approval of secular condition and poem. In general, The benign Buddhism policy is good to Buddhism development, the monk are, the more poem-monks will be produced; The looser Buddhism discipline, the secular poem-monks, the more monks write; the frequent monk's association with the writer, the more influence of intelligentsia are acceptable; the literature tutelage is easy to enhance; the higher degree of compatible approval of Buddhist and the poem, then the easier to facilitate studying poem.The third chapter is the mutual influence of Northern Song Dynasty poem-monks and the Confucianism. In the initial period of Northern Song Dynasty, Buddhism restores the development rapidly, but the number of believers is not very large, for many writers at that time, there be little Buddhist influence in their literary work. During the period, people ward off Buddha intensely, even a counter-Buddhism tide has formed, but this tide finally be replaced by the pleasure of Buddha. The poem-monks played the significant role in this transformation. During the contact with literary intelligentsia, some noble monks reexamined the knowledge of Buddhism, changed their former manner to Buddhism. Simultaneously, the Northern Song Dynasty poem-monks also came under the Confucianism influence, they widely accepted other classics, especially the Confucianist classics. The Confucianist thought deeply takes root in theirs heart so that they often stand in the Confucianist standpoint discuss the poem and create the poem.The fourth chapter is the mutual influence of Northern Song Dynasty monk's poem and the Buddhism. First, the influence from the poem to Buddhism is discussed. From the middle Tang Dynasty, the process from Ye Song style to poetic sentiment become more and more obvious, Ye Song style is more like the charming poem, even appearing the phenomenon of the simple and beautiful verse in Buddhism; During the development to the Middle Northern Song Dynasty, appeared the massive quotations from ready-made verse (mainly about is quoting Tang Dynasty's writer verse), and the phenomenon of quotation from the sentence of the law to explain again; Even appeared the poem-monks to create Buddhism with Magnificent words. Next part is about the influence from Northern Song Dynasty Buddhism to the poem, which has two vital significance: First, the theme about woods and mountain; second, the image philosophy; and respectively to explain the theme about woods and mountain by the living in seclusion in monk's poem, explain the image philosophy by the metaphor of spring flower in monk's poem.The fifth chapter r and the sixth chapter is about poem-monks' case study in Northern Song Dynasty. It divides into two parts. Previous one takes Shan Zhao's work One Hundred Pieces to Praises Ancient Times as the research object. The reexamination is made from three aspects. The second research object is Can Liao Zi Poetry Anthology by Dao Qian. It will be Analyzed by three aspects: the poetry content, the poetry style and the poetry art characteristic. The third one takes Hui Hong's The Character on Stone Gate as the research object, and reveal the nature of his nickname "prodigal Buddhist priest"; The last one is Guo An's drawing Praises for Ten Cows. The explanation is made from poem study, the Buddhist study origin and the Buddhist studies inside story.The seventh introduces the monk's poem literary works in Northern Song Dynasty. This chapter is to elaborate the total collection of monk's poem, the collected works of an individual author, the monk's literary work and the corresponding reference book. Next discusses to the style of monk's poem. To introduce the critical term "Qing", mainly through the contrasts of comment both from Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. And draws out other common comment terms, such as "the vegetables bamboo shoots gas", "the smoke rosy cloud gas" and "the sour stuffing gas" and so on. Moreover, investigates and corrects some mistakes of some terminology usages. Finally, reconsideration and the summary to the monk's poem appraisal are carried on.