Education Research Of Jin Dynasty

Jin Dynasty was an important period in China's history. Over a long period, historians have carried on many researches of Jin Dynasty on its politics, economics, cultures and so on, however, there have been few researches on its education. From the 1980s, although some scholars have made great efforts on education research of Jin Dynasty, according to the results , this task is still one of the weakest aspects in the study of Jin Dynasty history. Herein, by exploring the historical data, the paper carries on an overall and profound research and discussion in terms of history and pedagogy. Then the paper will show people a prospect of Jin Dynasty's education which are full of right systems, rich contents and great traits.The paper focuses on the following aspects:First is on the policies of the culture and education in Jin Dynasty. The paper considers that Jin Dynasty established two major culture and education policies, "to respect for Mr. Kong and Worship for his Confucianism" and "to develop the cultural education in Nvzhen ". The policy of "to respect for Mr. Kong and Worship for his Confucianism" is the inheritance of Jin from Liao and Song Dynasty. The scholars at all times have the agreement for this opinion. In addition, the policy of "to develop the cultural education in Nvzhen" was established by Jin's governor to cultivate Nvzhen talents and improve the Nvzhen natural cultural diathesis. So it has best ethical feature. Via the research of history background, practice effect and history effect of the establishment of Jin's two culture and education policies, the paper considers that Jin's two culture and education policies play an important guide role to develop and perfect Jin's education system, and consolidate national regime. The paper indicates that with the guidance of two major culture and education policies mentioned above, Jin set up official study education system and talent-choosing system of Han and Nvzhen, by imitating Chinese systems. Especially, the establishment of Nvzhen official study system and talent-choosing system played a positive role to raise the talents of Nvzhen, to develop its culture, to feudalize its society, to consolidate its regime and so on.Second is on education in Government School of Jin Dynasty. It is explored from two aspects: Government School education in Han nationality and Government School education in Nvzhen nationality. Proposing the criterion on classification of Government School, that is, according to administrative subject relations, is divided into central Government School and regional Government School; according to style and teaching content of talent training, it is divided into traditional Confucian School and Academy. And further investigation into Government School education from its arrangement, students officer, students sources, content of courses, teaching managements, education funds, etc. In the educational aspect of Nvzhen regional Government School, the paper brings forward a viewpoint that there sets up Nvzhen State School in Nvzhen regional Government School of Jin Dynasty. And at the same time, the paper examines the setting of official school and state school in Nvzhen regional Government School, students source and amount, post of students officer (professor) and so on, analyzes the characteristics and reasons of Nvzhen official school and state school setting, and then concludes the characteristics, historical function and influence of Nvzhen Government School education. The paper believes, Government School education system established by Jin Dynasty from top to bottom, which includes Han's and Nvzhen parallel system , plays an important role to raise all ethnical talents, especially Nvzhen talents, and improve Nvzhen culture.Third is on private institution and academy education in Jin Dynasty. There was only a little production about it before. The paper makes some relatively comprehensive researches on Jin's private institution for the first time, analyzes the reason of Jin's private institution development, puts forward five types of Jin's private institution which include home school, Nvzhen noble bureaucratic private school, learner's private school, official private school, and self-study, and then sums up the characteristics of Jin's private institution. The research on Jin's academy is that there are five academies successively given by ancient academe, and the paper corrects two of them which were misunderstood anciently. And there are five academies which get the newest textual research. There are at least ten academies in Jin Dynasty. Five of them are new and other five are repaired and continue the last dynasty. The paper argues its characteristics in distribution, approach to run a school, school buildings, and book collections. It indicates that in academy development history of our country, Song and Yuan Dynasty are at the high time, but Jin's academy is not developed very much. The number of Jin's academy is small, and the function in social education is very limited, but the academy in Jin Dynasty occupies its importance on the ancient regime academy development history in China's ancient minority. And it makes some function to the following development of Yuan and Qing Dynasty minority dynasty academy.Fourth is on the Imperial Examinations and its education in Jin Dynasty. The paper combines history with education and then studies Jin's education system from the angle of the relationship between Imperial Examinations and education. The paper launches its research on the relations between Imperial Examinations and its education in Jin Dynasty on the following three aspects: Imperial Examinations and education of Han, Imperial Examinations and education of Nvzhen, and Martial Art Examination and Martial Art Learning. In terms of this paper, the establishment of doctorate's examinations in Han and Nvzhen has promoted the setting-up of its Government School education system separately, and further benefited private studies; the establishment of children's education has promoted the children education. What's more, the martial art examination in Jin has promoted the folk martial art education development directly. So school education is the precondition of Imperial Examinations, and it must be put forward to make Imperial Examinations work normally. Contrarily, Imperial Examinations system stimulates people's learning enthusiasm, reinforces teacher strength of school education and provides excellent teacher resources for school education, and then promotes the development of school education. School Education and the Imperial Examinations System complement and promote fully each other, just to form a matching relations in raising and selecting talents, which consolidates and develops the Nvzhen regime greatly. Especially the paper points out that the creation of doctorate's examinations in Nvzhen represents the obvious traits of Jin's education and pioneering work of Imperial Examinations chosen system, at the same time it is a great contribution of Nvzhen to China's culture education project, and it brings far reaching historical influence.Fifth is on the construction on its teaching methods and teaching materials in Jin Dynasty. There is also a little weakness in this research before. The paper gives some introduction to the causes of building and completing teaching materials, material types, material characteristics, relations with Jin's Imperial Examinations and teaching method types. The reasons of perfect constructing on teaching materials in Jin Dynasty include the policy push of "to respect for Mr. Kong and Worship for his Confucianism" in Jin Dynasty, governors'regards on teaching materials, growth of printing, steady printing and publishing institution establishment of teaching materials in the country, and rich officially and privately collected books. The research focused on putting forth the standards of dividing material types according to teaching materials content and the character. The former is divided into lection and history teaching material, character and crambo teaching material, literature teaching material, special teaching material, and children teaching material, and the latter is divided into Han character, Nvzhen character, and Tsidan character teaching material, and analyzes characteristics of teaching material in Jin Dynasty and its relations with the Imperial Examinations. At the same time, on the summary of the teaching methods in Han and Nvzhen ,the paper proposes seven primary teaching methods in Jin Dynasty: instruction methods, crambo teaching and music assistant teaching methods, intuition teaching methods, partner methods, discussion methods, demonstration methods and instant teaching methods. In last part of the paper, all kinds of teaching materials and effective teaching methods used in Jin's education provide helpful reference for later generations, and become superexcellent inheritance in education historical treasury.On the exploration in the paper, establishment in education policy and perfection in education system of Jin Dynasty improved the qualities of all nationalities ruled by Jin, especially the cultural qualities of Nvzhen, which also trained and selected large talents for the country, substantiated the national bureaucrat, consolidated the state power, thus, accelerated the feudalization of Nvzhen society. The best-known truth of"Education is the very root of the country development."is confirmed again.