The Semantic Pattern And The Quantity Manifest On The Existential Sentence With Shi As The Predicate

The researches on existential sentence with shi as the predicate are not adequate in modern Chinese. This dissertation mainly focuses on the semantic pattern of the sentence and the quantity component that typically indicates the semantic pattern. Beginning with sentence-completion regulars of quantity components for analyzing the relation between the space and the substance, the result is that making the substance salient to be corresponding to the space is the essential semantic demand of the sentence, the corresponding relation is the semantic pattern of the sentence, which is the most important concept of this dissertation. The respective research on the main generalizing scope adverbs and adjectives as the representative full quantity components of this kind of sentence is for confirming the basic influence of the sentence semantic pattern. The cause analysis of the semantic pattern is from two sides, one is the internal sentence structure, the other is the external element from the existential sentence with you as the predicate. The analyzing course draws a conclusion that the formal sentence structure is the main measure to deliver and symbolize the semantic pattern. Furthermore, the sentence semantic pattern reflects some stationary angle or mode of cognition.This dissertation is composed of 7 chapters as follows.Chapter 1 is the introduction. The reason and the significance of this research is explained, an overview of the research on existential sentence and a specific introduction of existential sentence with shi as the predicate are given, the chain of thought on this issue are mentioned, and the key concept is defined.Chapter 2 analyses the sentence-completion regulars and using features of different types of quantity components. With the angle of information, the sentence-completion components are confirmed to be related with the substance on semantic meaning. The quantity component is the typical representative of the sentence-completion component. There are two types of quantity components used in completing the sentence. The full quantity component must make the substance equal to the space on spatial scope. The non-full quantity component protrudes the substance to be the focus corresponding to the space with the shape salience being stressed. The two types of quantity components reflect the semantic types of the existential sentence with shi as the predicate.Chapter 3 discusses the semantic pattern of the existential sentence with shi as the predicate. The sentence-completion regulars concluded from the quantity components are tested in other sentence-completion components for proving the typicality. Based on all-around analysis of the sentence-completion, the semantic pattern is concluded as an abstract corresponding relation between the protruded substance and the space. This semantic pattern is tested by comparing with the existential sentence with you as the predicate with the substitutions in different conditions.Chapter 4 and chapter 5 are the respective descriptions of the full quantity components of generalizing the space. That type of full quantity component reflects the semantic pattern of this sentence directly and typically. At the same time they are also necessary to be explained in Chinese teaching as the second language, and that's the same course to understand the main generalizing scope adverbs and adjectives in modern Chinese.Chapter 4 is about the full quantity components of dou type. This type has the function to generalize the same quality of the substance existing in the space, including dou, quan2, jin and jing. The description is carried from the basic semantic function, the structure feature and the co-occurrence with the other full quantity components. dou is the representative of this type. It has the highest using frequency as well as the highest co-occurrence rate with the components of space–indication function, because it has no function to give or indicate the spatial character of the thing as the subject of the sentence. Quan2, jin and jing can show the whole scope of the space as well as the same quality of the substance, but they stress different parts on the two meanings.Chapter 5 describes the full quantity components of man type. This type has the function to indicate the spatial character of the subject and its meaning stress is on the scope of the space. Man1 type includes man1, hun and bian, these three components have the common basic semantic function and structure feature , and they all have additional meaning to show the features of the space or the existing method of the substance. Man2 has no space-indication function because of the adverbial position. Quan1 prefers to describe abstract functional space. Daochu is divided in two variants, daochu1 has the character of demonstrative pronoun because of the position of the beginning of the sentence where there is no space subject. Daochou2 is still an adverbial with the position before the predicate. Both the two variants of daochu have the function to generalize the whole space by arbitrary reference. At last, the differences between daochu and chuchu are discussed.Chapter 6 researches the cause of the semantic pattern of this sentence. The analysis is from two sides, the internal side is the main cause. The assertion sentence structure decides eternally the semantic pattern of this existential sentence by copying the original semantic pattern of the assertion sentence. The external side is the comparison with the semantic patter of the existential sentence of you, the same analyzing mode is used in you sentence, and it's proved to be reasonable and effective.Chapter 7 is the conclusion of the whole dissertation. The contents and main achievements of this dissertation are summarized as some issues needed to be researched further are listed.