A Study On The Thought Of The Book Of Lord Shang

The thought of Shang Yang and their legalist school had an important influence on the form and development of monarchical centralization of state power system that once lasted for more than two thousands years. However, it is the valuable originate for us to know about the thought of Shang Yang and their legalist school and the reform of Shang Yang, also the system in Qin, which is recorded and set forth in the Book of Lord Shang .On the basis of the achievement made by former, this article discusses the whole thought of it systematically and deeply. Besides, this makes a two-way test on the thought of the Book of Lord Shang and the practice of politics in Qin. All is done for the purpose of revealing its historical influence on the ancient society of China.This article is divided into three parts: introduction, main body and the conclusion. Through the whole life and the achievement of Shang Yang, the spread and the improvement of the Book of the Lord Shang, checking against the original, identifying and its thought, the introduction looks back on and turns over to think the study achievement made by former. Moreover, this article sets forth the meaning of choosing topic, the value of being study, the purpose and the way.The main body is divided into four chapters. Chapter One has two parts. The political ideology in the Book of Lord Shang is discussed. This chapter points out the ideology core of managing states is that respecting emperor and restrain people, strengthen country and weakening people through analyzing the background of monarch, the relationship between emperor and people. Also it is an outline of ideology in managing states, while the Agriculture War is the only way to attain the aim of dominating country. Law is the tool of ensuring Agriculture War to carry out successfully.Chapter Two has three parts, including military ideology. In part one, the value of war, yizhanquzhan, is discussed, the significant influence on military affairs included. In Part two, it analysis the strategies of legalist school from attacking consciously and defense passively. When taking an initiative to attack, one must be careful. When protecting passively, one must focus on yiyidailao, enhancing the power of defense. From the importance, the standard of setting Grand and the classification, the rank, the standard of getting it etc. In Part three, the way of trying to stop war of their legalist school, i.e. the thought on Grand, is discussed with an emphasis, Founding that the Grand is called sixteen-rank. There is difference with twenty-rank. The character of military theory has utilitarianism. It stresses the consequence of war only, doesn't take notice of the war's nature and means. Chapter Three summarizes the thought of the Book of Lord Shang. The whole chapter is divided into three parts. In the first part, the reasons of legalist school for attaching importance to agriculture is discussed, also the measures of making people cultivate. In part two, their legalist school's causes and countermeasures of restraining trade, investigate the effect of it by combining the literature and bamboo slips. So this policy is not thorough. The effect is not spoken highly of. In part three, the thought on people of their legalist school is discussed from four aspects: the number of population, demographic structure, the quality of the population and population management. At the same time, the policy of laimin is given an in-depth analysis. Moreover, it makes a two-way contrastive study for the thought of population management and the registration system of Qin, finding that the thought of economic has a great influence on the economical policies of Qin. Because of this, a lot of systems and policies win the respect.Chapter four, it includes the thought of law in the Book of Lord Shang. It mainly analyses the idea of law, the education of law, the thought of law of their legalist school and the influence of law system and judicial practice. The concept to adapt times of their legalist school is an important theoretical basis for setting law and judicature. Its claim of"punished without rank"has a side of progress, but it cannot achieve equality. While the concept of taking criminal law seriously and the concept of yixingquxing, goes against the principle of moderation, sticking out the substance on law managing of their legalist school. That is, law is the key tool of maintaining the emperor's benefits, carrying out Agriculture War.The conclusion, it points out that the thought of the Book of Lord Shang has its self-system that is logical. Its character is that chasing"yi". That emphasizes on the position of emperor and the supreme authority. In addition, the way of unifying country must be the Agriculture War. The mean of making people cultivate is the law. The law ideology of managing states has a great influence on the ideology and the political and economic systems of later generations for Qin and China.