| The city of Qingdao had only been established for 119 years by 2010. However, Qingdao was awarded the honor of China's famous city for its historical and cultural associations by the State Council on January 4th,1994. It is no doubt that such an honor should be attributed to Qingdao's rich urban cultural heritage of modern times, which can be indicated in the State Council's approval document:"Qingdao is located in the southeast of Shandong Province. The city developed from Fushan Qianhusuo, a place where troops were stationed to fight Japanese pirates during the middle of Ming Dynasty. Following the Opium War(1840～1842) the office of the garrison commander was established in Qingdao. After 1897, the city was occupied successively by western powers like Germany, Japan and the United States. Today various buildings with European and Japanese styles, including the office and residence of former provincial commander-in-chief, and the former police headquarters can still be found in Qingdao. In addition, the suburban region of Qingdao has a more ancient history. The artifacts unearthed in North Qian site in Jinkou town, Jimo city provided evidence showing that during the North Xin Cultural Times as early as 7000 years ago, there lived ancients called Dongyi in this land. Dongyi prehistoric ancestors created a splendid culture, relatively early developed into a civilized society, and established an early nation, paving the way for the brilliant QiLu Culture. Up to modern times, Qingdao had developed in pace with the rest parts of China.However, in recent years, along with rapid economic development, large-scale urban form of development brought disaster to the cultural heritage. Affected by the development model of "excessive demolition and construction", many historical buildings, historical blocks and even the historical city suffered from ruinous destruction. The Qingdao civic cultural inheritance has also been affected negatively. This development model has not only brought great change of urban form, but also means erosion of urban context and the residents' loss of sense of identity and belonging. The ancient cultural sites of Qingdao suburb also fail to survive in economic development, as large-scale construction projects are everywhere suppressing the little room for the ancient ruins. At the same time, there are also a variety of signs showing that the current urban construction in Qingdao attaches more importance to in-depth functional development. The functional development is inseparable from profound cultural heritage, which is indicated by prosperous characteristic streets in North District.A city which relies on cultural survival and development is a city having hope and individuality. Today, the cultural role of soft power is increasingly clear, with strong cultural support behind economic development; an area with rich cultural resources has robust economic development potential. The relationship between culture and economics has never been so harmonious as what it is today. It is no doubt that cultural heritage representative of the cultural grade and atmosphere of a city. During the course of economic development and social progress how to deal with the contradiction between protecting the city's history and culture and developing modern economy has attracted more and more attention, as this is the problem that needs to be considered and solved in Qingdao's urban expansion.This dissertation devotes itself to a profound and detailed study on the material and cultural heritage possessed by both the old Qingdao region and the young city proper. The thesis is divided into two parts, discussing old town and field cultural relics respectively, with the former focusing on historic buildings, historic neighborhoods, and the integral protection of historic city.Chapter one is the introduction, which begins with the definition of cultural heritage and clarification of the history of international and national cultural heritage protection in the modern sense, and touches upon the scope of topics of study, significance, methods and previous research results. Following an in-depth analysis of the theory which is quite popular at home and abroad regarding integral protection of cultural heritage, this introductory part also discusses the evolving environment and course of historical and cultural heritage in Qingdao.Chapter Two is research on protection and utilization of Qingdao historic buildings. First of all it explicates the influencing factors, value assessment, and protecting significance of historic buildings, proposes specific protection and utilization strategies of historic buildings, and offers recommendations on how to develop tourism by making full use of historic buildings, which lags relatively behind the seaside tourism. This chapter lays particular emphasis on research into the legacy of today's hot spots--Qingdao industrial heritage conservation and use, while looking into the conservation and use of celebrities'former residence. Finally this chapter studies successes and failures in the process of Qingdao historic building restoration by analyzing the restoration project of Style religious site of Divine Word.Chapter Three discusses the protection and renewal of Qingdao historic blocks. On the basis of elaborating the origin, value, characteristics and conservation status of Historic District, the researcher puts forward specific measures of protection and renewal, which is followed by a case study of the well-known Zhongshan Road revitalization.Chapter Four focuses on the overall protection of the old urban area of Qingdao. The researcher first makes a concrete analysis of the characteristics of Qingdao city from the natural, cultural, architectural and planning point of view, and then discusses the success and failures in the protection of the cultural heritage during the old-city renewal and new-town construction. Then the researcher, after elaborating on how to highlight the protection of cultural heritage in terms of color, overall height, traffic, typical buildings, and natural environment, offers concrete proposals for the protection of Mother Bay-Jiaozhou Bay.Chapter Five looks into the protection and utilization of field cultural relics in Qingdao area. Starting with an explication of the current status of the field cultural relics and the importance of their protection, this chapter highlights specific suggestion on the protection and utilization of Qingdao ancient ruins, with Langyatai site as a specific case study.In the part of Conclusion, this thesis holds the following views:First, cultural heritage should be protected in line with the integral conception.Second, although more importance is attached to the protection and utilization of culture inheritance in Qingdao, the concrete measures need to be improved.Third, the protection of Jiaozhou Bay is the most important task in Qingdao urban development, particularly in the current cultural heritage protection;Fourth, as far as the ancient ruins are concerned, the first priority is to protect. Only when they are properly protected, can utilization be allowed.Such a layout is mainly based on the following ideas:The introductory part is to pave the way for the entire paper, which highlights the protection of the historic city in view of the organic integration of "points" (historic buildings), "Line" (Historic District), "surface" (Historical City). Historic buildings, like pearls (point) scattering among the old city, are the most basic elements of the protection of historic cities. So the second part of the paper focuses on protection and utilization of Qingdao historical buildings. As historic districts (Line) develop from building enclosures, historic buildings constitute a very important element of historic district, and historic neighborhoods are also a basic condition for the protection of historical buildings, with both in harmonious complementation. Therefore, the third part of the paper focuses on the protection and renewal of historical district in Qingdao. The interconnection of scores of historic districts (Line) ultimately forms the Old City (Surface), while the integral protection of the old town, which underlies the broader context for the stretch of historic buildings and historic neighborhoods, is of much significance. Therefore, the fourth part of the paper is centered on the overall protection issues of the old city, Qingdao. In Part V the discussion shifts to the protection and utilization of Qingdao area field cultural relic for two reasons:firstly, the field cultural relics themselves constitute an important and indispensable component part of Qingdao cultural heritage; secondly, it is the inevitable result of the development of cultural heritage protection. With the further development of Qingdao historical and cultural heritage protection, departments in charge of heritage conservation and urban planning profoundly recognize the significance of protecting and utilizing Qingdao field cultural relics from the perspective of systemic protection of famous cities for their historical and cultural heritage. Qingdao field cultural relic means more than protecting isolated ancient ruins, but has close relevance with the historic buildings, historic neighborhoods and the old town to protect. It follows that the protection of historical and cultural city, Qingdao expands from the old urban area to the suburbs, to the big Qingdao age of cultural heritage protection (covering the geographic range of Qingdao seven zones and five counties).This thesis is innovative in that:(a) It summarizes the main reasons for the initiation of the overall protection theory of cultural heritage and analyzes multiple factors to build the integrity protection system of the cultural heritage;(b) For the first time, the thesis makes a comprehensive analysis of the status of Qingdao industrial heritage conservation and utilization, and then it puts forward proposals on how to protect and make good use of such heritage.(c) This thesis comprehensively explores the gains and losses in the restoration work of historic buildings in Qingdao by using Style religious site of Divine Word as a case study.(d) The thesis for the first time makes a more comprehensive study of conservation and utilization condition of field cultural relic in Qingdao region, and offers reasonable suggestions.
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