Study On The Peasantry Problems From Ecological Perspective

This study is conducted on investigating the differences between Social-Economic-Natural Complex Ecosystem (SENCE) and common Ecosystem in term of energy. We found that SENCE was non-thermodynamics system under the initiative control mechanism, which is helpful in analyzing the characteristics of SENCE energy, revealing the ecological essence of the social phenomenon that people struggles upwards. Peasant problems of China were investigated by basing on this theoretical basis. The results are showed as following:1. Enrich the SENCE theoryConsidering human beings as core factor, SENCE is an entire system which consists all of social, economic and natural factors which have relationships with it. The investigation put forward a theory viewpoint that SENCE is non-thermodynamics system for the first time, and addressed the subjective initiative, vector, exchange and timeliness of SENCE. Based on ecological theory, it creats the theory of energy form and energy transformation mechanism by integrating social sciences of studing on philosophy, sociology, psychology and plutonomy.1) Subjective initiative feature of SENCE energySocial psychology ranks human needs in the order of physiological need, safety need, social need, respect need and self-accomplish need. It means that human can not be satisfied by only being provided with energy in form of food like pure animal, they require material need at different levels and spirit need. This study suggests that SENCE energy possess the characteristic of subjective initiative and represents that Human's subjective initiative is the incentive dominating different levels of need, a teleological, arranged, active, conscious acting ability during the course of recognizing the world and changing the world.2) The vector characteristics of energy in SENCEEcosystem is regarded as a thermodynamic system, with the heat in food as the energy in it in the modern ecological researches. The systematic motive mechanism of food comes from the objective physiological demand of animals, while the dominant force that regulates SENCE is human being's initiative. Initiative, rooted in human being's spiritual awareness. Although consciousness alone can not induce changes of impersonality, consciousness always directs people using one thing to inflect the other and leads to special morphology variation.As far as the SENCE concerned, the changes of systematic situation do not only include the magnitude changes of energy but also the direction of the energy imposes on. Therefore, the energy in SENCE has characteristics of vector, which is conferred by human being's initiative. Then, the analysis of energy in SENCE complies with vector algorithm:The rule of power's decomposing and composing3) The exchange characteristics of energy in SENCEThe initiative characteristics of energy in SENCE show that the human behavior has goals, which are illustrated in Maslow's need hierarchy. We hypothesize that people fulfill other systems at certain level's need in order to fulfill certain level's need of their own, which is called the exchange characteristics of energy in SENCE. The exchange characteristics of energy in SENCE are different from equivalent exchange of commodities, and different from objective one-way energy transfer. The commodity in economic system must be the working products used for exchanging, the characteristics of SENCE energy includes all substantial and spiritual contents in freedom of SENCE. The energy in the form of food in the ecosystem is only used to fulfill the physiological demand of some creatures in the food chain, and the energy circulates in the ecosystem may be described as energy pyramid. SENCE energy is subjectively produced directed by systematic subjectivity according to the demands of the other systems, achieves the requirements of SENCE through exchange.4) The time-dependent characteristics of energy in SENCEThe consciousness is constructed on the basis of memorized information. There is no consciousness if there is no memory. The consciousness originated from the release of information energy flux from memory, then converting into chemicals. The circulations from information (consciousness) to matter and from matter to information (consciousness) are founded. The human's initiative comprises of the complicated process of various information. Therefore, the energy in SENCE is considered to have time-dependent characteristics, which means that the same energy will have different effects on SENCE in different time.2. Study on farmers'problem from the ecological perspectiveAccording to the ecological methods established above, we try to investigate the ecological essential of the Chinese farmers depending on macro-statistic data combined with micro-experimental data. By SENCE energy analysis over the different historical periods after the P. R. China being established, some results are summarized as:1) Before the innovation and opening, the SENCE energy format of the Chinese farmers is quantity of heat. The farmers'problems in this period are mainly lack on agricultural productions.2) Since the end of 80s in last century, the ecological system energy changed to SENCE energy from Food energy, while the control method of systematic dynamics showed the non-thermodynamic characteristic of SENCE. However, the way solving the farmers'problem is still stick on the physical requirement. This is the ecological energy basis of creating the farmers'problems. Such as: (1) the Chinese farmers'problems are formed by energy adjustment between different SENCE systems. (2) The depravation of the farmers'problem is root on morphological variance of the SENCE energy system. (3) The ecological method to solve the farmers'problem is broking the insulation between SENCE systems.3. The ecological approaches for solving the farmers'problem:The approach of solving peasant problem from ecological perspective is completely exploding the borderline between urban and rural SENCE system, eliminates energy conversely flow from low to high position, give the farmers welfare. The farmers are peeled off from the arable land and house land guarantee system, let the arable lands back to farmers as a basic agricultural productive material and exert better benefit. The houses in the farmer community show original substantial right. The route is concluded as"farmer professional, agriculture industrialization, country socialization".1) Farmers professionalOnly the persons who work in farmlands are farmers, but not the ones who registered farmer in the management office. Farmer, as a career, has the equal legal status. Junior and overage people who don't have the ability to work in farmlands should share the social public welfare. They should be separated from the regular farmers. Farmlands should be back to the vocational farmers as basic agronomic materials to exert the biggest benefits.2) Rural CommunitizationFarmers usually live in rural compact community. Taking the house of urban farmers depart from limit and protection system which is a kind of welfare services in order to restore its market function and avoid property loss once the identity of farmers have changed under the current strategy of urbanization development. To encourage urban residents, especially retired people return to rural communities, which solve the problem of urban aging and provide new employment channels for rural communities.3) Agriculture IndustrializationAgriculture is a basic occupation which provides the most basic living material and ensures social stability. Although household production is convenient for state regulation of agricultural products, it is harmful for the development of agriculture. To explore the mode of agriculture industrialization with Chinese characteristics and reflect market rules that arable land as means of production. Allotting the arable land to farmer who good at farming and replacing current security of farmers from arable land with Social Security. Agriculture industrialization may improve the occupational farmers'market negotiation position. The farmers stop burdening the social stabilization function under productive material commerce.4. Explore rural ecological development model1) Rural bioenergy recycle modelChina may solve bottleneck of lower economic benefits when straw was used as energy, and enhance the utilization efficiency of straw. It has solved the problem of straw and litter huddle and avoided fire hazard and improved village appearance. Secondly, increased the compositive benefits through prolong the ago-ecological chain; Thirdly, biogas offers cheap clean energy, also reduces chemical fertilizer consumption by using biogas digester residues, soil carbon sequestration is also an crucial aspect.2) Organic agricultural developmental modelThe investigation on organic agricultural developmental model was conducted on Hongyi Organic Farm. This model improves the bioenergy circular utilization, benefit to the development of organic agriculture. The organic products of Jiangjiazhaung are admitted by the government, the organic farmlands are extending.3) Spatial compositing eco-agricultural developmental modelUtilization of space in grainfield and woodland to feed poultry could resolve the contradiction that free stall poultry occupy large space and also contend field with agriculture and forestry. Moreover, the damage induced by pests was depressed by poultry. Insects trapped by pulsed light (360 nm) are used as protein fodder for poultry. The amount of insects trapped by the light is more than 5kg for one night. The mode has been applied for national utility model patent.4) The model of harmony and development of village ecologyTo achieve harmony and development, villages can use the resources of agricultural wastes. Besides, the model of material cycle of farmland-straw-cattle-biogas-farmland reduces the amount of agricultural wastes and promotes the village well-off and clear.