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Ontological Significance Of Marx's Thought Of Labor Division

Posted on:2012-10-08Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:L M ZhuFull Text:PDF
GTID:1116330335985131Subject:Marxist philosophy
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As the principle of separation of the pure system with the phenomenal world, it is difficult to bridge the gap between traditional ontology and the phenomenal world, which produced questions such as noumenon how to produce or act on the phenomenal world, and transcendent ontology how to become a real, alive thing, so as to achieve reconciliation between experience and the transcendental.Hegel resolved the identity problem of thought and existence, phenomenon and essential to their identity, but not starting from their difference. He attributes the discrepancy as the difference between things and the movement of things within the development of intrinsic motivation. Objective things, he becomes "the object of consciousness", thus abandoning the hard realities of the outside world, "as the conscious object" of human consciousness and the dialectical relationship between the expansion is a rational self-criticism, dialectics is implemented as movement within their own way of things. He not only recognized method of dialectics as the method and construction systems, but also the objective law of all things, so he's the main principle of modern philosophy and ancient philosophy combines the objectivity of the position, and thus speculative solution to the problem of dualism.Hegel took absolute spirit as noumenon, and absolute spirit is definitely a reality through the human spirit, human spirit is the actual existence of the absolute spirit, if we compare Hegel's philosophy, a colorful tapestry, we can see "human existence" flashing light in the background. Nature is the self-alienation of absolute spirit in Hegel's, that Hegel's ontology was still unable to reach reconciliation between thought and existence, experience and transcendent, but Hegel opens the method of self-expression and completion to noumenon which was very significant and instructive to Marx Philosophy.Hegel, the basis of ontology-the absolute spirit, but also did not rise to the level of perceptual activity, Marx was different to the past philosophers:to understand the world into an event to change the world, the understanding of nature change into a study of social existence, the contradiction between thinking and existence, spirit and material were not only taken as relationship between man and nature in theory of knowledge, but rose to a certain stage of human history based on splitting the secular, spiritual and practice of splitting the material into noumenon derived from the two activities, namely, division of labor, mental labor and material, and the differentiation of different classes of carriers. Marx painted a picture of commencement, digestion new screen of the duality of man through the real division of labor between physical labor and the spirit as an opportunity to focus on the reality of human history. In Marx's view, the dialectics expressed the performance of man and its history of abandoning the double, in the form of reflection showed progress and go beyond the logic of dialectics, there is a sense of experience, the performance of the practice of human activities and create the reality of history. Actually, the noumenon state, which practical dialectic oriented, is the hard work to resolve the paradox of human existence, only in the human body to complete the comprehensive development and human nature to get the full show, can the completion of practical noumenon been expressed realistically.Unlike the previous ontology which was only limited to show the logic, the practice noumenon of Marxist consolidated the existence mode of human. It is a unified historical process as to the show and completion of practical, and the achievement and overall development of human's richness. The ontology of practical nomenon is showed by the duality of human existence which split in history which represents the division between material labor and spiritual labor and the class differentiation on the scale of kind. Division is an opportunity to expand complete human beings their own. Division of labor as a major industrial establishment of the previous basic form of social activity, directly subordinate to and form the existing production practices in essence, so it can be responsible to achieve this historically. Physical labor and the spirit of division of labor in the history of time and space to show form of economic and political, urban and rural areas, civil society and state and a series of dialectical relationship started.In primitive society, the spirit of labor and material labor has not split, maintaining the unity of the original, political and economic conflicts were not yet open, urban and rural opposition does not exist.In the slave society, spiritual activities separated from the overall activities, mainly as a public function by a specific group of people began to assume and immobilization. In a democratic system grown by natural, "King", elected by the people, served as religious leaders, judges, the President, public fire of the high priest, and later, the spirit of labor privileges transferred to aristocracy to enjoy, they are judges, priests and consul. At that time, natural science, law, development, artistic creation and appreciation of the privileges of men, material and labor mainly by the wives and daughters to engage in slavery. Mental division of labor and physical labor in the caste system in the slave society was outstanding performance. As these two prominent forms of urban-rural division of the division of labor, civil society and the state division is not yet clear.To a feudal society, with the development of the guild system, the city in order to protect their own interests, showing the exclusion of foreign dissidents revealed characteristics of self-enclosed city-specific division of labor in order to consolidate their work, the raw material for the production by the rural areas, attempt to gain a monopoly on deep-processing products and special sale of goods rights, the phenomenon of urban and rural discord often occurred. At that time, cities main were taken as the churchly cities, not a city full of economic sense, many priests living in the city, the monopoly of justice, taxation, judicial, and literary and artistic creation and other privileges. Physical labors were mainly come from rural laborers and small lower city's manual laborers. At that time, because of the nobility of the property qualification can also serve as the elements of political participation, as key members of the community leaders and city line will be home to the city government direct control of feudal lords and feudal land ownership relies on its residents to enjoy the jurisdiction of its territory, so civil society and state has maintained a consistent appearance in federal society, and the labor division between city and rural had been very obvious.In capitalist society, the division between spirit and material labor became clear with the polarization of class, the spirit of working more closely committed to the scientific division of labor or political functions of the division, material workers became more and more simple machines appendage. Mental labor was no longer the prerogative of the church that was replaced by secular intellectuals. In addition to the spirit of the ruling class as the main body of labor, many secular intellectuals inevitably became wage earners. The opposition between spirit labor and material workers was expressed through the opposition between cities and villages, the general interest and special interests, civil society and state, individual and class. Because the substance and spirit of labor division of labor is materialized with the spirit of humanity, that is the essence of human existence and the division, the series of binary opposition and the nature of human existence are manifestations of separatism, the existence and nature of the split appears the modern alienation peculiar to capitalism.To overcome the duality of human division and alienation, it should only develop productive forces highly, people out of the shackles of the natural necessity to decide their own activities in nature, to achieve real freedom. Marx built the association of free people and free Kingdom on the basis of highly developed productive forces, and to abandon the spirit of physical labor and division of labor, elimination of private ownership and class as a prerequisite to physical activity and spiritual development that contains all the wealth of the past return to practice on the basis of ontology, the achievements of the perfect human nature. Ontology and the completion of practical realization of communism overcome the duality of human division, which confirms the realization of Marx's practical ontology of human existence only as phenomenology is possible. Meanwhile, it is Marx's communist ideal of ultra-political, economy and morality demands expressed by a series of duality to overcome of urban and rural areas, civil society and state.
Keywords/Search Tags:Marx, moumenon, practice, real division of labor, the duality of human existence
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