Inner Logic Of Modern Political Morality

In order to relieve the increasingly severe crisis of political modernity, political morality that was disdained for long time, has been placed in the center of thought altar again by western political philosophy since 1970s. It is indicated that the pathology of the crisis of political modernity has been finally diagnosed exactly, and reconstructing modern political morality has been the double appeal of theory and reality. The anthropological concept pointing at"unilateral people"and the research logic with idealism as theoretical interest, which exist generally in the western academic circles, however, can only lead to the failure of reconstructing modern political morality and severity of political modernity crisis. The salvation lies in finding theoretical support for modern political morality from historical materialism. Marxian anthropological theory and Marxian existent theory establish scientific and stable conceptual base of anthropology and existent theory for the construction of modern political morality; Marxian communication and practice theory offers necessary fields of creation and realization for modern political morality; Marxian value and political philosophies become theoretical footstone to reinterpret the basic categories of modern political morality.In the visual threshold of historical materialism, the creation of modern political morality is completely possible, necessary and practical. The reason why modern political morality can be produced is that it builds on the base of Marxian anthropology with its value pointing at"whole people,"which means people should have complete characters of nature, society, history and practice. The reason why it must be produced is that in the view of Marxian existent theory, reconstructing modern political morality, which is the basic existent state of modern people, is propitious for self-realization and self-confirmation of modern people and to guide modern people walk out of relativism and nihilism, thus to relieve the crisis of political modernity. The reason why it is able to be produced is that Marxian theory of communication and practice offers support of ontology, axiology and methodology for its creation.Modern political morality means the sum of many aspects that is produced in the specific public field, taking freedom increase as the value destination, political value the substantial content, political virtue the working direction, good or bad the judging criterion, coordination among political subjects the straight task, and democracy and rule of law the essential guarantee. Taking good or bad as the judging criterion is favorable for modern political morality to better play its function of value judging modern political concepts, political systems and political actions, and also propitious to play the positively value leading function in choosing and optimizing political life styles, political intentions, political instruments, political orders and among others. Political value is the substantial content of modern political morality, and freedom and justice, which are recognized as ultimate and top value, respectively exist in the inner grading list of political value, therefore, freedom and justice become the value destination and the key value of modern political morality. Freedom means people's complete occupation of their own essence, and self-realization and self-confirmation of"whole people"in the Marxian existent theory and Marxian political philosophy. Freedom with profound evidence of the existent theory is equivalent to substantial freedom in characters, containing two categories in content, i.e., individual freedom and political freedom. As top value, justice in the view of Marx probably means the justice of"transcendentalism,"which takes the elimination of private ownership as the essential premise, the development of social production the fundamental guarantee, the elimination of exploitation and dissimilation the realistic target, and proletariat the dependent power. Furthermore, modern political morality and political value are internalized into government virtue, civil virtue and politician virtue in the dimension of subjects. Modern government virtue contains people-orientation, publicity, democracy, rule of law and among others; according to the realm of loftiness, modern civil virtue and modern politician virtue can be respectively divided into two categories, i.e., the essential virtue and the ideal virtue. As a kind of stable self-mentality, good spirit individuality and complete moral personality, the creation of modern political virtue indicates the successful realization of modern political morality and political value in the dimension of subject's psychological personality.The actual realization of modern political morality should rely on the promotion and protection of democracy and rule of law. Whereas freedom is the value destination of modern political morality, justice the key value of modern political value and main content of modern political ethics, and modern political virtue the constructing element of modern political morality in the layer of subject, the realizing path of modern political morality can be transformed into the realization and creation mechanism of freedom, justice and political virtue in political practice. Furthermore, through the inner dimension of value concept, the exterior dimension of institution and law, and the ontological dimension that is a special modern political life style, democracy and rule of law completely promote the realization of freedom and justice as well as the creation of modern political virtue, and objectively result in complete realization of modern political morality.