The Inter-Actor Relationships In Public Service Delivery

Whether it is in Western countries or in developing countries, exists low long-standing efficiency, low coverage, poor accessibility and quality, lack of public response and other issues of the delivery of public services.For years, people have explorering the way to improve the delivery of public services from the nature of public goods and public services, from the subjects of public service which include government, market and society, from the institutional arrangements for the delivery of public services, which has made great achievements in both the aspects of the theory and practice. However, the analysises are too narrow and ignored the relationship between the various subjects in the more general sense, and lack of the investigation of developing countries such as China which is lagging in institution constrction. Thus urgent need to construct a new analytical framework for the inter-actor relationships of the delivery of public services, and focus on this new perspective of the inter-actor relationships of the delivery of public services to interpret, the delivery of public services innovation since the 1970s and the practice in recent years of China.The logic starting of reconstruction of the inter-actor relationships of the delivery of public serveces is from the late 1950s, which argued that the role in the public service delivery can be separated, and the delivery of public services was a process, and then discussed the basis for the separation of roles, the way how to confirm the role to undertake the functions of public service, the way how to transfer the functions to the separate subjects, and eventually the subjects how to formate a cooperative to achieve effective delivery of public services. In fact, the separation of the role does not mention the ideological debate, the debate exists in the followed issues, which is the suitable subjects? Distribution of roles between the subjects should be in what way? Inter-actor relationships are competitive or collaborative? Reviewing the literature, who undertake the role in the delivery of public services is not prior, the competitive selection of the subject is superior to the direct administrative authority or monopoly way, but in real life, even in a developed market economy and a more perfect developed society organizations countrie, it is difficult to find the existence of de facto competition in the delivery of public services, despite the competitive relationships between the subjects can bring many benefits, but the ideal model is a inter-actor relationships of collaboration. The ideal public service delivery mode is a mode of collaboration based on competitive selection, but the reality is often difficult to guarantee the competition, and therefore we need to consider the situation that difficult to achieve the status of competition. With institution based on incentives and constraints, ensuring effective implementation, and following the subjects initiative interaction to promote collaboration in the sharing of power, information transparency, shared responsibility, willingness to cooperate, the stability of performance evaluation based on partnership, public participation in seven main principles of a new theoretical framework to analyze and explain the status of the delivery of public services in China. In which the government is committed to promote the formation of good relations of cooperation with its partners, incentive and restraint system in the supply of multiple subject to encourage participation in public service in the supply and regulating their behavior, and the interaction between subjects should based on the principles to promote the formation and maintenance of collaboration.Analysis and comparison of the cases of China support the theoretical framework, that is even lacks of alternative plural subjects and competition, the government is still able to construct good relationship with its partners to make sure that public services can be effectively delivered. At the same time, show that the different public services, content, nature and rely on the market or executive order to form collaborative relations and other factors will make the institution of incentives and constraints vary, and the combination and emphasis of the seven main principles will be different. Although both cases, which the government and enterprise collaborative provide public services, are better than the two cases, which government and social organizations collaborative provide public services, but fundamentally, these differences are not from the organizational nature, but the inter-actor relationships between the government and its partners. The government idea and the functions fails to change fundamental, administrative power intervention too much, less independence and autonomy of social organizations, public participation in lower level and other facts prevented the good inter-actor relationships of the Chinese delivery of public services, which is also the future direction of development.