On Public Service Fairness

It is a common ideal to build a society that burden and interest can be distributedreasonable. So how to distribute can be considered to be reasonable? Different peoplehave different views to this question: some hold the view of interests, some hold theview of efficiency, and others hold the view of liberty. However we should understandthat, also interest's efficiency liberty are the main things that social development needbut they can not to be considered to be the ultimate value and the highest pursuit. Noneof these values can surpass the basic values of fairness and justice and should be testand evaluated by them. The civilization of a society depends on whether it is followingthe basic value criteria of fairness. Of course, we would not exclude other values, weonly means that fairness should become the value criteria whit unifying force andcritical force. The pursuit of other values should obey this value. Unfairness is a mainreason makes society unstable and interest conflict in any country and in any stage ofdevelopment.Even if economy growing fast, social wealth continue toaccumulate,"cakes be made bigger and bigger", unfairness distribution will makessociety's conflicts arise, troubles arise, and lose stability.Public service is one of the basic functions of government, is an important waysof redistribution, and is a basic way to society fairness. The virtue of Public servicecontains social, publicity fairness, in which fairness is the most essence one. From whatwe can see that public service in itself contains the pursuit of fairness. On the horizon ofredistribution, the main content of fair distribution is public. So, we can see that there isa close relationship between public service and fairness. Fairness, in essence is aevaluation system, and it has a deep meaning. It is to make the society more and morefairness, more harmony and more stable by changing people's behavior and the societysystem, achieve fairness from unfairness. This is the essential function of fairness andalso the ideal of the fairness. Public service fairness also contains such a basic function.Public service fairness has its ideal status, guides itself to the future, because ideal public service can be put into the reality and performed by a series of policies. Thisideal is people's basic concept of public service. Even these concepts become theconsensus of most people; it can be public service principle.Public service principle is the concept and standard of fairness, and it can adjustpeople's relationship .The connotation of fairness contains two complementary concept,equality and deserve (liberty), in which public service expand. Public service can bedivided into basic public service and non-basic public service. As basic values, equalityand deserve (liberty) were replied to this two different public service forms. Basicprinciple should be expansion with layers. In this principle there are principles from allfields and specific issues, but should obey the basic one. Basic public service fairness isminimum benefit best which is on the basis of bottom line. And this principle is realizedby cost-sharing fairness, supply fairness and enjoy fairness. The principle of non-basicpublic service deserves. It is realized through reciprocity. Certainly, because publicservice fairness has specific time and spatial dimensions, different stage of socialdevelopment and different country has different degree of fairness.Public service principle can establish a basic criterion for the judgment of fairness.But after that, we should evaluate and measure weather it is fair and the degree offairness to judge the current situation. To evaluate public service fairness, we have twomethods. One is making a subjective evaluation to it, and is a rough judgment on it; theother is making a technical measure to it, to judge the degree of fairness. On the firstmethod, we choose china's situation to analyze. We combine the fairness principle andthe objective statistical date, obtain results of weather fair.On the second method, we made a technical measurement . First the articlegeneralized some technical means that have been used to this field, then analysis thepros and cons, and think that comprehensive evaluation method is a proper and feasibleone. This method adopt the way of combining subjective and objective indexes. Tonon-basic public services, we take the method of satisfaction measurement.In this article we were not gave the specific measures of public service fairness.But through the analysis of the basic theory, principle, evaluation and measurement ,thearticle think that , no matter analysis the realize paths or the realize methods, we shouldobey these requirements:First, co-ordinate just and fairness, and put just on a prioritylocation. Just procedures is means justice from confirm and distribute rights, itemphasize the rationality or processes and methods. Fair distribution is the processes of perform powers by authority .Since the divider is men, the distribution processes willhave some uncertainty more or less . In order to guarantee the legitimacy and legality ofdistribution behavior , we should have a just procedure to get the fair results.Second,co-ordinate the initial and secondary distribution. Public service fairness is in thesecondary distribution fields, so it should be on the basis of fair. But, we are not sayingthat initial distribution can ignore the principle of fairness, on the contrary it should alsopay attention to this principle. If we do not do that, no matter how fair the v secondarydistribution is, it will not fetch up the gap.Third, co-ordinate fairness and efficiency. Onthe way of building socialist market economy, stability and development is the center. Ifunfair exceeds a certain limit, it will bring a social and political danger. So a societyshould achieve stability in a fair environment. But pursuing fairness doesn't meansignorant of efficiency, otherwise the society will lose the power of developing.Fourth,co-ordinate basic and non-basic public service, and put basic public service on a prioritylocation. Basic public service is the service that bas a close contact with people, whichthe state must protect. All the basic public service should be provided by thegovernment to society on the basis of public interest.Fifth, co-ordinate subjective andobjective. Fairness comes from people's subjective perception.At the same time, it canbe show objectively by the objective system and behavior. So we should adhere to thecombination of the two when we make an evaluation.Sixth, co-ordinate the lead andoversight responsibility of the government. In the pervade of basic public service, thegovernment play a dominant and leader role, so it should accept the full responsibility.In the non-basic public service, the government play an oversight role .So thegovernment should coordinate the two different roles.