| The changes and developments occurred in capitalist countries in today's world and the socialist countries put forward a serious challenge to the theoretical foundation of scientific socialism梩he theory of labor and labor-created value. To deepen our understanding of concepts of labor and labor-value, therefore, would not only be a matter of theoretical significance, but also a task of great practical importance.This paper, beginning by seeing the theory of labor-value as footstone of scientific socialism, and following the principles of "correct understanding, deeply dredging-up, richening and development", aims to a discussion of some questions about the labor-value theory, and try to clarify some confused views or misunderstandings on the theory, and then, based on this clarification, to focus attention onto three central questions connected with both the labor-value theory and our today's practices. Accordingly, There are three parts in his paper in all.Part One: The Definition of LaborIn order to deepen our understanding of labor-value theory, it is necessary to sharpen our insight into the concept of labor itself, which including to answer questions of labor's nature, of component elements of labor, and of distinction between forms of labor and its new varieties in today's society.Marx's understanding of labor as an economic category was a cognitive process from labor in narrow sense to labor in broad sense. In its narrow sense, labor is a way by which human, with help of various labor materials, excuses their physical and intellect capacity upon the object of labor and thereby creates the use value in form of material goods. On the other hand, in its broad sense, labor includes other forms of activity connected with productive process of material goods, so as service, management, and technical or artistic activities. But, along with the development of productivity and the progress of science-technology, the proportion of physical labor used directly to produce material goods in the total sum of labor is descending constantly. And in contrast to that, the proportion of labor that appears as service and technological or managerial works is increasing, and more importantly, is playing a multiplicand role in elevation of labor productivity. Thus it is necessary to put enough stress on these labor forms of service and management. We must understand that, along with development of science-technology and growth of labor productivity, the factors consisted in labor process are constantly diversified, and the category of labor had outstretch from the labor of producing material goods to include theservice labor that provides service goods, the science-technological labor that renovates techniques or knowledge, and the managerial labor. Thus today's situation of social labor, with its own features and varieties, had been very different from that of Marx's time. These new changes and varieties of labor will make a significant impact upon productive process of value and use value.Part Two: Labor and ValueA brief looking-back on the history of labor-value theory would make it clear that Marx's theory of labor-value, in comparing with the past theories, had gain richer practical materials and a more scientific base of theory, that is, the full development of capitalist economy of goods and the famous three theoretical footstones on which Marx's theory of labor-value rested: the theories about labor's nature, its twofold characters and its formations.A scientifically corrected grasp of Marx's theory of labor-value requires that we must first to identify the historical precondition and logic start point from which Marx engaged in his study of labor-value theory. Marx, taking the goods economy of advanced capitalism as his start point, and adopting a process from generality to particularity, presents an analysis of goods and the labor that producing these goods, an analysis which realized the unity of history and logics. I believe that the theme of "labor creates value" means that, seeing from the...
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