On The Development OfAgriculture And The Livestock Farming And The Environment Changing Of Ningxia

This essay is focused on the Ningxia Autonomous Region of the Hui Nationality, ranging from the Neolithic Age to the death of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. It is completed on the basis of the collected documentary materials, the archaeological data and the successful results of research by some former scholars and the modem research fellows. It pays much attention not only to the identification of the reality of the documentary material but to the results of the on - the ?spot investigation. In addition, it pays great attention to the application of the Method on the Quantity Study to achieve a result of plain explanation. IFn " Water conservancy Construction And the Farming Land Cultivation, " we try to figure out the specific digits of the irrigated area and the area of farming land of different periods so that we can grasp the general trend of development of water conservancy construction and farming land cultivation. Additionally, quite a few forms in this essay are the application of the method.This essay is divided into three parts. The first part including three chapters is on water conservancy construction and farming land cultivation. The first chapter refers to the first developing period of agriculture, i. e. from the Neolithic Age to the Eastern Han period. The second chapter refers to the second developing period of agriculture, i. e. from The Wei of the Three Kingdoms to the confrontation period between the Xia and Jin States in the Song dynasty. The third chapter is the third developing period of agriculture, i. e. from the Yuan dynasty to the Qing dynasty. Although the developing course of agriculture was done in three different periods, traditional agriculture developed and reached to the peak in the periods of the Qin, theHan, the Tang, the Song, the Ming and the Qing. The second part also includingthree chapters is focused on the development and the changes of regions of the five production departments. The fourth chapter is on the development and categories and proportion of livestock products. The developing trend is prosperous at the beginning and declined in the end. The fifth chapter studies the plantations and distributions of rice, wheat, beans, and grains. The sixth chapter is about the plantation and distribution of fruit trees, forests, medicinal materials, vegetables, flowers, and oil crops as well as the development and changes of fishing and hunting. The third part including three chapters analyzes the relationships between the environmental changing and the development of the agriculture and animal husbandry of Ningxia. The seventh chapter studies the natural condition of the development of agriculture and livestock husbandry, i. e. landforms, soil, climate and characteristics of distribution in time and space in Ningxia of draughts, disasters caused by wind and sand, floods and waterlodgging caused by hail, frost injury and earthquakes. The eighth chapter is on the relationships of environmental changing and the development of the agriculture and livestock husbandry in Ningxia Autonomous Region which covers two sections: namely the historical processes of the human activities and the changing of the forests in Ningxia, and the human activities and spreading of the deserts. The ninth chapter is a chapter that studies the regional divergence of the productivity level and the experiences and lessons of the development of agriculture and livestock husbandry.Livestock husbandry was the major production activity in the Ningxia region before the Qin dynasty and agriculture merely played an unimportant role. At that time, the ecological environment was fairly good due to the climate. The traditional agriculture began in the Qin dynasty, but the irrigated one started in the Yuanshou year of Emperor Wudi. Since then the united kingdoms who realized the importance of agriculture payed much attention to the water conservancy construction. Therefore, the ability of the irrigation from the Yellow River showed a ever rising trend meanwhile the same thing happened to the areas of...