Study On The Pricing Model In The Supply Chain Environment

Pricing is always an important task. As a bridge between the buyers and the sellers, pricing play a very realistic role because it will always have a sharp effect on all society members. As a main method of distributing society resources and welfare, pricing problem is usually the core of economics research, supply chain research and marketing research. Economics theory about market pricing builds up the rational decision framework, assuming all enterprises pursuing maximum profits. But, in fact, there are some difficulties in applying the pricing theories straightway. The main defaults are as follows: The information companies facing, including market demand, enterprise inner cost, behavior of competitors and potential competitors and so on, is limited, and companies behaviors are also not fully rational. So the enterprise pricing decisions are affected by lots of uncertainty, and that makes applying the theory very costly, and even not feasible. Although the ultimate goal of enterprises are maximizing their profits, staggered pricing always aims at different objectives, such as market quota, market competing, marketing channel deploitation, and that usually makes pricing methods changed.Generally pricing methods based on market theory discuss factories that have only one type of product, but in fact many factories have many more types of products.Sometimes strategic behaviors of enterprises will make price deviate from the normal theory's results. On one hand, from economic theory we can see that there are many defaults in pricing methods and the theory lacking important embodiment of supply chain idea only shows an angle of view from landscape orientation. On the other hand, in view of supply chain, most immediate researches only focus on TP (transfer price) problems, and no systematic framework has been founded. This paper is based on supply chain management ideas, and put an emphasis on the pricing study assuming companies in an integrated supply chain, and at last build a framework of pricing problem. That is to say, we get more lengthways considerations involved. For example, in our model we assume the enterprises are involved in a closely integrated supply chain, and play games in order to make their profits maximized. And we look into the strategic, one-stage pricing problem and dynamic, multi-stage pricing problem. What's more, we introduce the quantity discount problem, extend the pricing coordination problem as generalized pricing problem and develop the quality modeling in SCM.To summarize the innovation of this paper, we mention several key points as follows: After analyzing the many fallbacks of economic pricing model, we extend the traditional pricing method based on supply chain, and put forward an approximately full framework of pricing methodology.This paper investigates order policy in one-stage, static pricing problem. After review postponement and commitment in order policy, we put forward flexible order policy and compare it with the other two thoroughly.We look into the traditional SCM pricing model about transfer price, and develop a model applying for design and management of the global supply chain, which consists of 2 integrated levels, strategic level and operational level. The model covers suppliers, factories and DCs, and it introduces transfer price explicitly.Put forward the concept of "generalized price", and combine price coordination problems into the generalized pricing problem.