| In the public administration of modern governments, performance-oriented management has become the common direction and goal that has been pursuing by lots of governments. The performance-oriented management of government is to make use of resources and information pointedly in order to acquire and demonstrate the eminent progress that exits in making performance-oriented management and meeting the goal of program; It aims at averting focus to result, improving the quality of service and the benefit of program, reinforcing governmental responsibilities, promoting public trust in and support to government, thus demonstrates the eagerness of government for performance, result, and responsibility in reforming. Hence performance measurement has been highly emphasized by all the governments due to improving the administrative efficiency and effectiveness through identifying the expectant results and evaluating the corresponding achievements, and it has been the most frequently mentioned themes in the documents of public administration in the past 30 years. It has been clearly posed on the Third Plenum of the Sixteenth Central Committee that "Stick to human orientation, to establish all-sides, harmonious, sustained development view, accelerate the comprehensive development of economy, society and humans." The scientific development view leads to the correct performance view of government, calls for the scientific system and method of government performance measurement. The rapid development of economic globalization and the reality of opening door after having joined WTO have been constantly presenting new demands of internationalization and marketability for China's administrative system. At present, with the challenge faced and the phase in which the practice of China's performance measurement develops, it is imminent that the Chinese government absorbs experiences and lessons from the advanced practice of the foreign governments including that of the USA. This is of great importance to further improving the practice of Chinese government performance measurement, progressively establishing the specific Chinese government performance measurement system, fully realizing the goal of innovating the administrative system, which was presented on the Sixteenth Central Committee.With the various views of home and abroad synthesized, the government performance measurement is the general name of some specific evaluation activities, which mainly consists of performance measuring and program evaluation. Guided by the governmental strategy and goal, based on the thinking framework, it chooses the programs, service and operating activities, sets indicators and standards with reference to input, output, result, economy, efficiency, effectiveness, quality and fairness, then with the help of theses indicators and standards, evaluates the performance of governmental activities by means of daily measurement of governmental activities toward set goals and regularly or specially complemented full evaluation of its functions performed. In practice, the government performance measurement system is established through distinguishing program of evaluation, presenting goal and confirming result of needing, choosing standards or indicators, to set up standard of performance and result, supervising result, reporting performance, using result and information of performance.At the beginning of the 20th century, the US local governments commenced the pursuit of quality government, measured and evaluated the operation of government centering on efficiency. With the passage of time, the government performance measurement based on the progressivism, the efficiency's view of Wilson and the efficiency revolution of Taylor was expanded and prevailed, and given different theme and ideas by different ages, appeared with different countenance. During the 50s to 70s,it appeared with the form of innovating budget management emphasizing cost control; To the 70s to 80s, the Efficiency Movement invoked by the failure of "Grea...
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