| This thesis looks the police of ancient and modern China through , makes an investigation of the related regulations and facilities , analyzes the circumstances around them , and eventually finds some great changes in Chinese policing at the dawn of last century , which made it modernized ."Police "is a word from western languages . It was not until the end of Qing dynasty that "police "was absorbed into Chinese vocabulary signifying the forces or measures for keeping public order . But policing had been existing in traditional China . Because policing is a prerequisite for any form of civilization to exist and develop .The police of traditional China had some basic features as follow :Firstly , it was the plurality of police institutions . Professional and part-time police forces coexisted . The armies carried out the key police function . Even nongovernmental organizations had police power , which should be wielded only by branches of government .Secondly , the police was basically militarized . The aim of the armies in traditional China ,above all , was repression of the populace , not defense of the whole country from invasion . So the ordinary police institutions were in fact military units , and the policing measures were essentially militarized too , having little civil character .Thirdly , the police was governmentalized wholly . Even nongovernmental police organizations were in the service of governmental intentions .In traditional policing , much more importance was attached to keeping emperor in power than to the usual purposes of police work . It was the security of state , not the protection of people that motivated those main police means .Fourthly , stabilizing social order was an overriding task . Owing to the exceptional "revolution "culture , the manifestation of traditional policing was maintaining public tranquility at the cost of rights and freedom of the populace .Fifthly , the whole police system was politicalized profoundly . In this direction , the benefits of person in power or other political groups , not the whole society , took up the central place of policing . Police forces became the tool of power politics . On the other hand , coercion , persecution , repression and surveillance became daily police affairs .Along with spread of the west ideas about state and jurisprudence after the Opium War , the traditional Chinese police system transformed itself gradually , presenting some progressive inclinations :One was the centralization of police power and institutions . The governmental , professional and full-time police bureaux were established nationwide , nearly all of which were under the supervision and command of a central police organization . More and more police power was being transferred from armies and nongovernmental organizations to the civil police institutions .Socialization was another new phenomenon for Chinese police . Differing from ancient Chinese policing , modern Chinese police regarded maintenance of public order as its foremost aim . In theory , the state security was only part of public order . So the police was no longer a sheer instrument for imposing political hegemony . In many situations , it became the rational solution to obvious problems of rising crime and increasing disorder which preyed upon society . For the members in police , police was being accepted as a kind of occupation that needed extensive knowledge and special training .Surrounded by the complicated environment , police of modern China was still displaying overt politicalized inclination . For example , it often acted as a lackey of dictator or party in power .For police of modern China , maybe the emergence of nomocracy was the most significant in explanation of its modernization . The formidable police power , which was abused frequently in traditional China , began to be brought into the orbit of law-governing in the early years of last century .Besides large volumes of police laws and regulations , the concept of human rights was being accepted by the po...
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