| The comparative advantage is the basis that the state government can use to make the policies for developing the regional agriculture and arranging the agricultural structure, and for promoting the rational distribution of the social resources. It is also the important premise for the different areas to decide on their agriculture's leading industry and establish the right agricultural policies and development strategies. It contains the value for theoretical study as well as practical guiding meaning, which is worth our deep research. The contents studied here are as follows: the first part deals with the discussion and study of the comparative advantage theory of regional agricultural products. The principles and methods of comparative advantage theory are used and the complete systematic analysis and research are done here. On the basis of defining comparative advantage theory of regional agricultural products, the paper completely analyses the variety of factors that affect the comparative advantages of regional products, thus constructing a analytical frame and model for the comparative advantage theory. It has designed a four level evaluation index system which consists of one objective level, two index sign, 12 index signs and 52 index items. Meanwhile, the paper has selected the two indexes: production scale and production efficiency and established a calculating model for the comparative advantages of agricultural products, which is useful to calculate and analyze the specific agricultural products. The second part of the paper is positivist analysis. It chiefly analyzes and studies the regional differences of comparative advantages of the main agricultural products in our country's agriculture and farm production. It also deals with the regional differences of comparative advantages of the products in farm production and changes in Xingjian. First, the paper applies the evaluation index system based on the theoretical study and sifts and simplifies the index system according to the comprehensive, comparable and statistics-available principle. It establishes one evaluation index system for regional comparative advantages of agriculture which consists of factors in 6 fields and 16 index items. It makes a comprehensive assessment of the agricultural comparative advantages in 31 provinces and municipalities as well as assessment of the single factor; it gives us a quantitative description of the positions of the different provinces and municipalities in our country. Second, by employing comparative advantage evaluation model of regional agricultural products, it conducts calculation and analysis of the 17 main agricultural products of the farm production in the 31 provinces and municipalities. It analyzes the regional difference of one same product in different provinces and municipalities and the difference of comparative advantages of different products in these provinces and municipalities. Thirdly, taking Xinjiang as example, it uses the comparative advantage calculation model of regional agricultural products and selects 13 main agricultural products in the two production areas: South Xinjiang and North Xinjiang and 14 prefectures between the years 1991—2002 to calculate and analyze the comparative advantages. Finally, according the research results of the positivist analysis, it puts forward the solutions and measures for promoting the comparative advantages of agricultural products in farm production. The main research results and conclusions are as follows:The comparative advantages of regional agricultural products cover the agricultural production itself, its relevant factors, relationships and various comprehensive systems. There are many factors that affect the comparative advantages of regional agricultural products, among which, the prices and qualities are the decisive factors for forming the comparative advantages. The conditions of the regional natural resources, key elements' natural endowment, the marketing of the agricultural products, governments, ecological...
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