Grain Purchase And Sale System Of The Formation And Operation In Tanghe County (1953-1957)

The State Monopoly Policy for Grain Purchasing and Marketing during 1953-1957 was studied basing on enough and substantial files, newspapers and periodicals. The study object in this thesis is the formation of the State Monopoly System for Grain Purchasing and Marketing and the system's operation in the grass roots. Four topics are analyzed and discussed in this thesis: main factors that influenced the decision-making of the State Monopoly Policy for Grain Purchasing and Marketing, formation of the system in the local, operation of the system in the grass roots, and changes of the common people's daily life caused by the system.From the analysis of the main factors that caused the decision-making of the State Monopoly Policy for Grain Purchasing and Marketing in Chapter One, we can conclude that the fluctuation of the grain price and the grain supply crisis during 1952 - 1953 offered an opportunity to come on the State Monopoly Policy for Grain Purchasing and Marketing. The fluctuation of grain price was caused by the enhanced activity of the private businessmen that arose from the adjustment of the relation between the state and the private businessmen in the domain of gain business by the government. Peasants stored the grain for famine and would not sell the grain to the government, which caused the commodity rate of grain to descend further. The situation that the grain purchased by the government could not meet the need deteriorated. The grain supply crisis mainly occurred in the disaster areas and the regions where grain was out of stock and the small towns, while it was calm in large and middle cities. Judging by the fact of Henan province, being burst up by the grain institutions of the government in the summer of 1953 the private businessmen of grain had no possibility to make waves during the grain purchase and sale crisis in the autumn of 1953. In order to thoroughly solve the crisis that appeared from the late half year of 1952, the central government came on the State Monopoly Policy for Grain Purchasing and Marketing.In a sense, the grain supply crisis of the spring of 1955 impelled the central government to quicken the step of coming on the system of the fixed quotas for grainproduction, procurement and marketing and the system of rationed supply for grain which systemized the work of the state monopoly purchasing and marketing for grain. The grain supply crisis were mainly caused by the shortcomings in the work of the planned supply of grain and the excessive procurement of grain by the government from the regions that had been organized into agricultural cooperation, especially from mid-rich peasants in those regions. The establishment of the systems of the fixed quotas for grain production, procurement and marketing and the system of rationed supply for grain had greatly strengthened the State Monopoly System for Grain Purchasing and Marketing.The industrialization strategy for the priority of the development of heavy industry in China needed compatible planned purchase and planned sale system of agricultural commodity, which was the principal factor that impelled the establishment of the State Monopoly Policy for Grain Purchasing and Marketing. Under the guidance of the Soviet Union's transition theory that focused on changing the private ownership of the production materials, the central government made it as one of the strategies to reform the agriculture and peasants in China to be socialized as soon as the central government conceived of and came on the State Monopoly Policy for Grain Purchasing and Marketing. The establishment of the State Monopoly Policy for Grain Purchasing and Marketing was more or less influenced by the relative systems of purchase and sale of grain both in home and aboard, such as the system of grain acquisition by preemption and rationed supply of Japan and its puppet government in China, the system of grain acquisition by preemption of the Nationalist Government, the system of excessive grain acquisition of the Soviet Russia, and the system of purchasing grain...