| The cocoon and silk industry is our country ' s traditional industry, as "the achievement industry" , it has made great contributions for the national economy and occupied the monopoly status in the international market. So far, there are 20 million farmer families which are dealing with planting mulberry and sericiculture, one million silk workers. More than 70% silk productions are for exporting, the export quantity has occupied 70% of the international trade, the export quantity of the cocoon and raw silk has occupied 80% of the world trade, the industry has an important action in the national economy .But our country 's cocoon and silk industry has occurred repetitious fluctuates, every time all brought tremendous destructive influence to the industry. Especially recent years, the cocoon and silk industry of some foreign countries have developed rapidly, India, Brazil, Thailand, Vietnam and other countries have become our mostly rivals. They have made severe challenges to our country's cocoon and silk industry' s dominate status in the world. So, study the development issue of the cocoon and silk industry has further and deeper practical significance.1. Chief conclusions(1) The cocoon and silk industry has close correlation with the country's rise and fall. Review the cocoon and silk industry's development history of China, discover that: when the country was powerful and prosperous, the society was peaceful, the cocoon and silk industry was in flourish period and grew rapidly, otherwise, The country declined, the cocoon and silk industry were mauled heavily. For example: the initial stage of Western Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, the country was prosperous and powerful, the cocoon and silk industry were unprecedented prosperity, and achievements were brilliant; The latter stage of Qing Dynasty, the country were declined, the cocoon and silk industry were shrank day by day, so the producing centre status of the cocoon and silk industry were replaced by Japan, So the thousands of years' leading status in the world of ourcountry's cocoon and silk industry was finished. After the new China's establishment, the cocoon and silk industry of our country develops quickly, since 1970, it has resumed the first-chair position in the world. (2) The cocoon and silk industry has a long industrial chain , it is a typical systematic engineering. The industry includes 20 links such as planting mulberry, sericiculture, baking, filature, weaving , refining, printing and dying, manufacturing and silk trade and etc. The industry chain is quite long, crosses over the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, Every link ties closely, promotes and restricts each other, forms the organic whole of close contact.(3) The unimproved management system produces many questions during the development of the cocoon and silk industry. Within a long period in the past, the management system of it did not fit the development of the industry, silkworm and cocoon's producing, silk's producing, domestic and abroad market and cocoon's purchasing, are managed separately by Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Textile Industry, Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Foreign Economic and Trade. This kind of management system often easily to cause the problems that just think of their own benefit of each department and pay no attention to the benefit of whole, the policies were made by several departments, management is dispersed and working efficiency is low, so that appears the questions such as out of control of the macroscopic management, develops blindly, constructs repeatedly on low-level etc..(4) Must strengthen the macro-adjustment and control in order to avoid the fluctuates of the cocoon and silk industry. Economic development and the cocoon and silk industry's operation all have rules of periodic changing, the amplitude of periodic fluctuation relates to the macro-adjustment and control. Without the macro-adjustment and control, the serious fluctuation will appear. For example, the output of cocoon was up to 15.2 million Dan in 1995, reached the highest peak of history. But fell into the valley bottom suddenly in 1996, the output is 8.6 million Dan, drop by 43.4% of the production quantity. Directly against the impact of " Asian financial crisis " of 1998 to the export-oriented cocoon and silk industry, our country adopted the macro-adjustment and control means of raw- silk storage system etc., they prevented the cocoon and silk industry from falling effectively.(5)Technology improvement is the important factor to promote the cocoon and silk industry's development. In the- past, the success of different planting mulberry ways, especially the appearance of engrafting mulberry, improved mulberry and silkworm industry's high yield and quality. Filature machine from hand to ride, template stamp replaced handcraft painting etc., increased labor productivity greatly. Technology improvement made Chinese cocoon and silk industry keep ahead position in the world. However, nowadays, our silk artifactitious technology isdropping behind Italy , France and so on. Our silk products price is only one sixth of Italy and France's. Therefore, our country is not a mighty silk country, but a big silk material country at present.(6)To adjust mulberry and silkworm industry distribution based on economic development status. Long time ago, the over-all arrangement of the cocoon and silk industry that" moving the mulberry in the West to the East" and" moving the mulberry in the East to the West" appeared in our country. During the long history, the cocoon and silk industry of the Yellow River Basin led other areas. But since last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Yellow River Basin was in the tangled warfare for a long time, a large number of people moved to the East and the South, and took the advanced technology of the cocoon and silk industry to these areas, furthermore, the advantage conditions such as the position, the traffic and the climate etc. In the East, the cocoon and silk industry of the Yangtze River valley grew up progressively. Especially in the Southern Song Dynasty established the capital in Linan which became the political, economic and cultural centre, thus finished " moving the mulberry in the West to the East" finally. Since Southern Song Dynasty, Jiangsu and Zhejiang province have been keeping the status of big silk provinces. At present, because of the factors of disparate development of regional economy, land, labor force and the comparative benefit of planting mulberry and sericiculture etc., our country has already appeared the industry over-all arrangement of " moving the mulberry in the West to the East ". Guangxi was not the main cocoon-production province 5 years ago, but in the year of 2004, the output of cocoon lined the second-chair position all over the country, and this year it can be expected to become the first one in the whole country.(7) The effective way of regulating the order of purchasing the fresh cocoon is to implement the system of market access. Making market economy is not to neglect the responsibility , it is the legal economy, also the standardized economy. In the 1990s, because the management was weaker, under the drive of the interests, the cocoon dealer run wildly, raised grade and price or force down grade and price to purchase, the market order was confusion , this was the main reason that caused " cocoon war". Since 2001, the system of market access on the fresh cocoon's purchasing has implemented, that is to say, must meet the conditions of having certain scale of baking stove, fund, technical staff etc., thus can have the qualification to purchase the fresh cocoon , these have played the positive role in stabilizing the cocoon market order.(8) Carry out the lower export price is the basic assurance of raising the profit level of the cocoon and silk industry. Over a long time, the cocoon and silk industry of our country has occupied the monopoly position in the world, but because of " behaving according to their own ways , competing sale at a low price ", the export price drops continuously. For example, the export price ofraw silk dropped from 50,000 dollars / Ton in the history to about 20,000 dollars / ton. In 1997, our country implemented the measure of restricting the lowest price of raw silk export, strengthened the self-discipline of the industry, these played a positive role to prevent price from falling down and improve profit level of the enterprises.2. Chief innovations(1) Innovation on the research visual field, study the development problems of the cocoon and silk industry ail-roundly and systematically. The previous researches are mostly partial research, for instance, study the economic management of silkworm industry, silk industry, silk international trade, cocoon and silk circulation and its management system, silk history etc. separately. This paper 's study has the following characteristics: Firstly, the time span is larger, from the origin, current situation to the future prospect of the cocoon and silk industry; Secondly, the contrast is distinct, including from China to Japan , India , Brazil etc., and the developing pattern and changes of the cocoon and silk industry in the world; Thirdly, the systematicness is strong, including study on the agriculture-industry-trade, production-supply-marketing, science and technology etc. of the cocoon and silk industry; Fourthly, research objects are more, including the macroscopic level, microcosmic level, provinces and cities, peasants and others etc..(2) Innovation on the research method, bring to light the characteristics and development rules of the cocoon and silk industry. This paper uses the systematic approach to study, has overcome the existing study rs shortage which " only see the trees, miss the forest". From the systematic point of view, cocoon and silk industry is a typical systematic engineering, agricultural-industry-trade , production-supply-marketing are formed the organic unity that has close relations. This is the essential characteristic of the cocoon and silk industry. Every link is interdependent, restrict each other , mutually promote, which a screw 's loose will influence the whole operation of function. History is proved repeatedly: as soon as the integrity and systematicness were destroyed, the cocoon and silk industry's development fell back . On the contrary , the fast and good development will come true. These changes form the rule of the cocoon and silk industry's development.(3) Innovation on the mechanism, try to establish the macro-management mechanism and enterprises' operating mechanism that meet the cocoon and silk industry's development rules and characteristics. The existing research often emphasizes the systematicness and unity of macro-management, but ignored the systematicness of micro-enterprises' running mechanism ,or vice versa. In fact, only put the micro and macro together to form the systematicness and unity, can reflect the cocoon and silk industry's development rules and characteristics really. So, this paper put forward to establish the macro-management mechanism on the unifying coordination ofagriculture-industry-trade, including management organizations and its functions, macro adjustment and control, laws and regulations etc., change the past intersected situation. On microcosmic aspect, implement the enterprise operation method of " agricultural-industry-trade integrating , production-supply-marketing connection", especially put emphasis on forming the interests community with the sericulturist, make the field become " the first workshop "of enterprises, avoid the past war among the process and taches of the cocoon and silk industry. No matter on microcosmic or on macroscopic aspects, the innovation on the mechanism will make agricultural, industry and trade to link up smoothly 1production'Supply-marketing run in phase, all of these must promote the cocoon and silk industry to step into the benign circulation track.(4) Use foreign experiences for reference, clarify the strategic .meaning that "the Eastern mulberry moves Westwards ". The existing study on the issue basically stands on the national point of view, there aren't deep analysis comparatively and sfrong urgency on" the Eastern mulberry moves Westwards " This paper is from Japanese cocoon and silk industry's historical evolution including origin, growth, prosperity and decline, get the conclusion :after Japan became the developed country, the cocoon and silk industry which regarded agricultural as its foundation ,were withering day by day even to-be withdrawn ,it is an inevitable objective rule. By all appearances, the East of our country is the developed area, it happens to be the most developed area of cocoon and silk industry , with the accelerating of " industrialization "process, the eastern area silkworm and mulberry industry must be withering day by day. For example, mulberry field area in Jiangsu Province has dropped to 1.45 million Mu (year of 2004) from 3.3 million Mu (year of 1995).ZhejiangProvmcehasdroppedto h 12 million Mu (year of 2004) from 1.46 million Mu (year of 1995). Contrarily, the western region of our country is an un- developed area. Uscthe experience of Japan for reference, our country must implement the strategy that " the Eastern mulberry moves Westwards " in order to keep the leading position in the world's cocoon and silk industry.3.The policy using(l)Deepen the management system reform of cocoon and silk industry, perfect the macro adjustment and control means. The cocoon and silk industry is a systematic engineering, on the macroscopic aspect, will set up the management organization that is unified and harmonious, strengthen the macro adjustment and control in the following aspects: constitute the cocoon and silk industry's law and industrial policy which suit ofthe situation of our country .research and make the development plan; Perfect the storage system ofthe national raw silk and the national development funds of the cocoon and silk, using its function of taking in and sending out in laige, improve supply-demand relationship; Strengthen the demonstration and guiding effect of the cocoon and silkindustry's developing risk fund , support the weak links of the cocoon and silk industry through the projects; Strengthen the supporting force of policy-related finance, hold the focal point, increase credit input; "By guarantee and other ways, encourage to input fund with all kinds of channels, such as stock and etc., raise the ability of financing directly; Standardize price control, implement the lowest price to the export of raw silk; Meanwhile , with the essential administration means , proof-test the cocoon seed products by force, standardize the trading activities of cocoon and silk, promote the fair and legal competition of the cocoon and silk industry.(2)Push the running mode of "agricultural-industry-trade integrating, production-supply-marketing connection" in the cocoon and silk industry, realize rational resource distribution. According to the characteristics and rules of cocoon and silk industry's development, in micro-enterprises' management, promote the integrated reform. Use law of value, economic means, legal means, handle all kinds of interest relations of every links well enough, make the serieiculture farmers, purchase units and processing trade enterprises to be an economic benefits community of " close connection, sharing risks .enjoying benefits, common development ", The same flourish ,the same decline* change the past situation of agricultural, industry and trade " fighting for profit eachother ,but no one has any profit "to that of "making concessions each other and getting profit everyone". On the basis of realizing the innovation of enterprises' management mechanism, adjust and optimize the structure of the cocoon and silk industry's distribution pattern, lead the raw material production and the original processing industry's shifting to the central and western regions from the eastern area according to the plan step by step, realize the silkworm industry's transformation to advantage areas, from disperse to intensify and keep appropriate scale; The combination between the western and eastern areas must have complementary advantages each other, the process ability , fund , technology , market and management in the east, combine with the cheap labor force and the abundant resource in the west, will form the industry chain of the close connection, step on the route of division of labor on the basis of specialization , area overall arrangement, large-scale production , industrialization management, develop high-quality-cocoon,top-grade-silk, refinement silk fabric, manufacture our country's cocoon and silk industry's key competitiveness together, form the scientific and reasonable, high-efficient and continuate industrial development pattern.(3)Structure the nationwide unified cocoon and silk market system. Take futures market as the direction , set up the spot markets based on producing regions and sailing areas, form the commodity current, funds current, information current with circulating smoothly in unison, There are not only the functions of retailing, wholesaling evert futures market, but also has the functions of market information interchange , price forming , direction of industry and etc., maintain the fair competition through the operation rule of the market, give full play to the function of the market's disposing resources, break out the regional blockages and departments' division, set up an orderly...
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