On Transition, The Interests Of Farmers

The economical interests of Chinese farmer during the transformational period have been studied in this dissertation. There is a detailed discussion on the historical foundation, current situation, basic condition, organizational arrangement, and innovation of the Chinese farmer's interest. The text is including the following five chapters.Chapter 1. Through the study on the beneficial theories, the text reveals the origin of Chinese farmer's interest thoughts. The beneficial ideas of farmers are clearly understood. The natural foundation, social foundation and important conditions are composed by the requirement of the main body, the relations of society and the individual ability respectively. The farmer's interest is an old and new topic. The theory of farmer interest with a long history indicates this topic is quite old, while the farmers are the potential vulnerable groups during the variance of the society, and the interests of the farmers haven't been increased with the development of the society. So the farmer's interest becomes a new topic that needs to be studied in detail. From the point of economics, the farmers are rational men as other subjects. It should be the farmer's productive aim and target to get the largest interest. The interests of the farmers are including the area of economy, politics and culture. The main parts of the text are about the economical interests of the farmers, with the meaning of how to fill the needs and wants of the farmer's material goods and labor services. Parts of the material goods and labor services can be scaled by the incomes, while other parts such as the land cannot be reflected by the income. The rule of land is the material interests the fanner get from the government, which is not affected by the personal incomes. The farmer in the text has the special meaning of the agriculture producer or laborer. The economical interests of the farmers have the meaning of how the agriculture producer improves the economical interests through the agriculture.Chapter 2. From the point of the farmer's interest during the transformational period in our country, it reveals the farmer's interest haven't be well realized whether in the time of collectivization movement or in the time of the contracted responsibility system on the household and the managerial system of unification and distribution. Compare the different interests of the farmers before and after the innovation, under the rule of " the collective comes first", the targets of the fanners is confined on how to satisfy the basic demand for consumption of all family and whole civil, not get the largest profit. The farmers could not be the main body in the real sense and they could not get the real economic interest. After the policy of the reform and openness and under the rule that a few people become rich and individuals are given first priority, farmers have become thereal producer, as the owner of the basic production goods, such as land. And they can decide what and how much they want to produce themselves following the rule of maximum profit, while the produce cost is very high, and a single farmer is under the disadvantage situation, the income is increasing slowly. The difference of the income and the cost between the citizen and the farmer is quite large. The interest of the farmer is decreasing under the national policy of " more pains & less gains " and the system of " good people given the best" . The improvement of the ability of farmer are inspected during the transformational period, and the arrangement pf the policy in the special period of the country cann't make the fanner get rid of the trouble of losing interest legalization.In Chapter 3, we discuss the idea that the increase of the agricultural producer' interest is consisted of the improvement of the output, and the key point of it is due to the increase of the agricultural productivity. One of the contributions of the development economists emphasizes the important role of productivity on economical harmonious development. At present, the productivity level of the agriculture in our country is quite lower, and is a typical small-peasant economy. The aim of the agricultural productivity is the modernization of agriculture. The transition from the small-peasant economy to the modernization of agriculture is a long process. The ultimate purpose of the improvement of agricultural productivity is to build up the harmonious society between the industry and agriculture, and between city and the countryside. Whether the realization of the modernization of agriculture or the build-up of harmonious society, the agricultural productivity are required to be improved. In our country, due to the insufficient development of the market in the countryside and the restriction of the corresponding policy, the essential produce configuration is restricted, and it is difficult to make the floating between the different areas and the movement from countryside to city. The improvement of the situation of agricultural production element lies in the material capital, human capital and technology progressive situation. The combination of the production element includes the combination of property, quantity, space and the total combinational situation. In this text, from the perspective of the situation of the produce element, we discuss the fundamentality of increasing of agricultural output through the improvement of produce element, without dealing with the rational combination of the produce elements. The main reasons to cause the low productivity is. the insufficiency of the capital input, the un-equilibrium character of the human capital and the backward in technique. To improve the agricultural productivity, we should increase the input ofcapital, and improve the un-equilibrium character of the human capital and technique. Our country is a typical country with a large population and lower areas of land. The situation of agricultural productivity should be improved through the technique of land substitution and land improvement. With the situation of superfluous manpower, the technique of labor substitution is of no use, and the technical labor of labor improvement is very important.The impact of the arrangement of the land to the farmer is discussed in Chapter 4. The economical interest exhibits the main body owing the material goods and labor services to satisfy their own requirement. Land is the elementary production goods, and the economical interest not only shows that the material harvest can be judged by economical income. It also shows occupational situation of the basic production goods of land. The increase of the income can improve the ability of accumulation, and can be used to purchase much more production goods, such as production tools (tractors et. al). The obtainment of the land depends on the rule of the government, and the income of the farmers cannot decide how much land they can own. On the other way round, the rule of the property right of the land decides the production investment and income of the farmer. The economical interest of the farmer can be behaved on the income of the farmer, occupation of the production goods and the rule of the property right. At present, there are lots of problems in our land system, such as the multiple characteristics of the main body of the proprietary rights, the short periods of usufruct. The rule of the property right for land should be improved. On the other hand, the rule of purchasing the land infracts the interest of the farmers. In this chapter, we will discuss in detail about how to improve the rule of land acquisition, how to give the compensation to the farmer whose land have been purchased, and how to solve the problems of employment and social security.There is a detailed discussion on the fundamentality of farmers' cooperation economical organization on the realization of fanner's interest in chapter 5. Though the increase of the income of farmer is depended on the improvement of the productivity and the increase of output, the process of how to turn the output into income is the process of marketization. During the marketization, owing to the vulnerability of the farmer, the farmer can protect their interest under the form of economical cooperation. Following the collectivization movement and the contracted responsibility system on the' household, the cooperation economy is the third reformation in national country, and it is the necessity under the trend of agricultural marketization...