Social Risk And Governance Research

Nowadays, the human society has entered into high risk time; how to guard against, dodge and deal with social risks effectively becomes an important topic which related to one country's social stability and even the development of human being's destiny. In the world prospect of researches on social governance, many domestic and foreign scholars have made positive explorations from different visual angles and standpoints, have obtained abundant and various research results, however, respective deficiency obviously exists in their researches. Logic of my thesis is like this: on the basis of former research achievements, the paper firstly defines the concepts of risk and social risk; then it carries on the analysis from three levels : early warning, decision-making and aftermath dealing according to risk's natural logic sequences which contains three stages: evolvement, development and eruption; after that, it explores ways of social risks' sustainable governance unifying its microscopic governance and macroscopic construction; finally, it puts forward proposals and countermeasures utilizing social risk's general analysis and theory achievements, meanwhile consulting our country's actual problems of social development.This paper is divided into three sections: introduction, main body and conclusions. Among them, the main body includes five chapters. The introduction part indicates that the current researches on social risks are not only practical need to solve realistic problems, but also theoretical awareness of historical materialism's present development. It introduces the domestic and foreign scholar's research achievements and deficiencies on this topic, and then it expounds this article's research aims, methods and train of thoughts.The first chapter elaborates social risks'connotation and different research sights. Firstly, it traces the extending path of risks'usage from the origin of its concept. After clearly making the difference between risk and related concepts, it defines risk's connotation. Take this as the foundation, it further carries on the induction of risks'classification, draws out social risks'concept and makes the limits to its connotation.This chapter makes introduction and appraisal separately to the current theories of social risks and points out its reasonableness and deficiency from different sights, such as the realism, the system principle, the cultural principle and so on; finally, it collects and summarizes Marxism's social risks thought, then points out the thought's contemporary significance taking Lenin, Deng Xiaoping's practices of revolution and construction as examples.The second chapter elaborates the production, performance and characteristics of modern social risks. Looking from the root from which the modern social risks produce, it is not only the objective manifestation of social development's dialectical laws, but also the realistic results of modernization process'expansion. Modern social risks mainly show in the following aspects: political unsteadiness, economical turbulence, war threats, ecological worsens, scientific dissimilation, terrorism and so on. Comprehensively surveying from its production's root and domains, dissemination's ways and speed, harm's scope and intensity, governance's requests and difficulties, modern social risks generally have these characteristics: multiplicity, suddenness, cycle of operations, diffusion, concealment, high-risk, out of control, connection and so on.The third chapter has made general theoretical analysis to social risks' governance. Modern social risk's governance requests that it must pay attention to its modern characteristics specially and abide by the following principles: they are the unifications of general rules and special performances, single item design and overall thought, microscopic governance and macroscopic construction. After defining social risks'early warning, this chapter analyses its theoretical support, system's constitution and mechanism's movements. In the elaboration of social risks'dealing policies, this chapter mainly carries on the analysis from the main body, the power and responsibility of policy-making. In the elaboration of social risks' aftermath dealing, it mainly analyses four links: risk communication, risk assignment, social security and social punishment.The fourth chapter has made the exploration and elaboration to the sustainable regulations of social risk governance. This regulation bases on the risk governance's macroscopic environmental construction and long-term strategical ideas. It tries hard to realize the social risks'overall, long-term and sustainable regulation macroscopically through optimization of social operation mechanism, improvement of social risks environment and widen of risk governance's vision. During the process, the most important thing is to improve the government's scientific administration ability which requests the breakthrough of government main body's limitation, reduction of"organized irresponsibleness"and improvement of government functions, enhancement of government's confidence level. Then, we must cultivate society's benign movement environment including enhancement of society's organic stability and increase of risk withstanding; enhancement of rationality and trust, and increase social maturity. Lastly, we must break through the limitation of one country's governance, widen the governance's vision from domestic field to global field, and build the world's harmony from pursuit of domestic one.The fifth chapter makes the analysis of our country's present governance of social risks. The current social reforming has broken the original condition of social balance which causes our country to enter a stage of high risks. It mainly displays in the following aspects: lack of core value, disparate gap between rich and poor, rise of community events, fragrance of economic system, complex of political ecology, seriousness of natural disasters, frequency of safety incidents and so on. Reasons of high social risks are: the fast advancement of modernization intensifies the uneven assignment and disintegration of benefit; social reforming and system switch cause the lack of mature benefit assignment and coordination mechanism; the international benefit's fission has increased the accumulation of domestic social risks under the globalized background; lowness of social maturity enlarges the risks'probability and the governance's difficulty. Although presently our country has made very big progress in the governance of social risks, it still has obvious insufficiency. In order to improve and raise the governance level of our country, we must base on the new national condition, form correct ideological recognition, develop new methods and take scientific and effective governance measures.