| China's county-level institution has seen a long history and has undergone a long evolutionary process. As the county-level political system covers the whole country, especially the vast rural regions, it occupies a very special and important position in the entire political system. At present, the county-level political system with the Party committee leadership at the core has many problems. However, academic research on this issue is scarce. Therefore, this paper is intended to study the county political problems with the focus on county-level Party committee.This paper falls into five chapters:Chapter 1:"Introduction."This chapter states the problems to be solved in this thesis, its significance and basic thoughts; it summarizes the present research, and describes the studying method employed in this thesis. Based on the analysis of historical background and reality, this paper maintains that"the county-level political system with county-level Party committee as the core has its institutional problems"and does great harm and the main reason is that the expansion of power of county-level Party committees. This situation is due to the fact that people overlooked the difference in the county-level attributes, structure, function and operation between county-level Party committees and political system. As a result, influenced by the fundamental principles of county-level party organizations, county-level political system does not have the autonomy as a political system. That is, in general, although it has high efficiency, but it lacks of standard procedures, rules, appropriate mechanisms and checking systems to restrict power and prevent power abuse. This handicaps the sustainable and steady development of county-level political system in the structure and function. In turn, it will damage the stable, orderly and harmonious development of the county.Chapter 2:"Origin and Development of County-level Party committees".It describes the origin and development of structure and functions of county-level party committees starting from the establishment of county-level party committee. Firstly, it takes County X as an example and describes the process, engaged by county party committee, of establishment, regression, reconstruction, a second-time regression, and a second-time reconstruction. Second, it describes the gradually- institutionalized and standardized process of the structure and function on the part of county-level party committees during the steady developing period after Liberation. Its powers have also gone through expansion and eventually developed into a centralized system of county-level Party committee. Finally, it analyzes the centralized system of county-level party committee structure. This centralized system intensified the leadership and control of county-level party committees to the various county-level sub-systems (including county-level people's congresses and the"government, the Court, the Procuratorate") Thus, there exists no autonomy on the part of the county-level political system: the county level political system and its subsystems are operating under the guidance of principles and rules designed by the party, which leads to two negative results: county-level political system has lost the ability to regulate various kinds of power; what's more, the county-level party organizations has become more and more centralized.Chapter 3:"Power Centralization of County Party Committee and its Reform."It analyzes the roots, features, hazards and related reforms of highly power-centralized county-level Party committee. To begin with, it analyzes the features, harms and roots of highly centralized power. Highly centralized power is manifested in two aspects: increasing power centralization of the leading institutions in counties-- county-level Party committees, and the incompetence of grass-roots organizations under the leadership of county-level Party committees. The harm of highly centralized County-level Party committees needs great concern. Confronted with their own defects, the Party committee is making efforts to change this tendency and overcome its disadvantages. Secondly, this chapter analyzes the self-adjustment of county-level party organizations in two cases. Through the contrastive study of S county (district) and D county (district), the author finds that it is difficult to solve the problem of centralized power of Party organizations and lack of autonomy on the part of county-level political system only through the reform in the Party organizations.Chapter 4:"Analysis on the Relationship between County-level Party committee and County-level People's Congress."First, it describes the establishment and development of county-level people's congresses, its basic attributes and functions, that is, representative attributes and essential characteristics, trying to find a crossing point between the functions of county-level Party organizations and the National People's Congress. Second, it analyzes the relationship between county Party committee and people's congresses on county's level. Before 1990s, the county-level people's congresses were at the recovery stage, its structure and functions were unsound. Thus, according to the higher level command, the main task of the county party committee is to help county-level people's congresses to recover, reestablish and develop. Afterwards, with the gradual improvement of structure and function in county-level people's congresses, the county Party committee restricted the function of county-level people's congress to a greater extent. In real political life, the tension between their relations demonstrates that there exist crossing points in specific functions.Chapter 5:"Functional Transforming Mode of County-level Party Committee Leadership". First, it analyzes the properties and functions of party organizations from the perspective of political sociology. Party organizations have the general features of self-management, political leadership and social mobilization. What's more, it describes the multi-level distribution of Party organizations. The purpose of division and description is to try to clarify the difference in the attributes and organizational principle between party organizations and political system. As to the county-level party organizations, the main functions of political leadership are governance functions. Self-management and social mobilization are the bases of governance. Secondly, on the basis of the above analysis, functional transforming mode of county-level Party committee is put forward. The leaders, representatives directly elected by people, become the members of People's Congress system. They perform governance roles through the governing of People's Congress. Beyond county-level people's congress system, a full-time deputy secretary from the county-level Party organizations governs some sub-institutions of Party, which perform self-management and social mobilization function. The separation among"The ruling function"and"self-management, social communication and political mobilization function"in the structure will promote the development of county-level Party organizations and the combination with the county-level political system. It not only promotes the inherent advantages and functions of Party organizations, but also ensures the overall function of the county-level political system. The thesis also analyzes the basis and feasibility of functional transforming mode of county-level Party organizations. It maintains that this new mode is an effective way to achieve scientific governance, democratic governance and governance according to law in the county-level party organizations.In closing remarks, based on the analysis of difficulty and urgency in the county-level political reform, the author restates the significance of China's political development on the county-level.
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