The Comparative Research On Japanese And Chinese SMEs' Basic Policies

In recent years, revitalization of SMEs has appeared around the globe, whose status and functions have become more and more important gradually. SMEs also play a significant role in Chinese economic development, as well as enhancing urban residents'employment, encouraging technology creativity, promoting export and foreign exchange generation, and increasing taxes in the social and economic life. But comparing with large enterprises, the SMEs in our country are still relatively less competitive because of smaller scales, backward equipments, deficient finances and lacking of human resources, leading themselves into a disadvantaged status in the market competition. So the government should give policy support to the development of SMEs to promote and protect their progress.Constructing the SMEs'basic policies is very important to develop SMEs. SMEs'basic policy system includes SMEs basic law, SMEs financial support policy, SMEs entrepreneurship support policy, SMEs technology creativity policy, SMEs market expansion policy, SMEs social services system policy and so on. In the whole SMEs'basic policy system, SMEs basic law is placed in the core status and does the fundamental and principled guidance for formulating other policies and regulations, whose legislative principle and purpose go through the entire SMEs'basic policy field, becoming the standard which the government utilizes to manage SMEs in a macro way. Japanese SMEs development has become the most successful model recognized by the whole world, and the mature SMEs basic law of Japan is just the essential reason for Japanese SMEs'becoming the nation's economic source. This paper conducts the detailed anatomy and research in respect of Japanese SMEs'policy. In 2002, China unveiled SMEs Promotion Law which is thought to be of basic status. It includes 5 parts, namely, financial support, entrepreneurship support, technology creativity, market exploration and social support, which reflects Chinese SMEs basic policy system. So we can conclude that SMEs basic policy system includes SMEs basic law and the content of SMEs basic law also embodies SMEs'basic policy system. Both of them supplement each other .But the first specific legislation about SMEs in China still has lots of drawbacks and defects, which is not helpful in constructing the perfect and scientific SMEs'basic policy system. This thesis indicates the existing defects in current SMEs Promotion Law, as well as proposing some measures and suggestions good for constructing the mature SMEs'basic policy system.Exploring Chinese SMEs'basic policy system suitable for China's national situation and making the basic law as its core is favorable for the normalization and legalization development of socialist market-oriented economy, and helpful in ameliorating and enhancing SMEs current situation in the premise of adhering to legislation spirits by the government, which could be strongly supportive in terms of financial support, entrepreneurship bolstering, technology innovations, social services, market exploitations and industry clusters for SMEs.Making"The Comparative Research on Japanese and Chinese SMEs'Basic Policies"as its theme, this paper has done plenty of comparative researches on the theory basis of SMEs'basic policies of Japan and China, historical review of SMEs'basic policies, definition standard and effects of SMEs basic policies'protecting objects, economic background of SMEs basic legislation, and its policies'structures. It borrows ideas from the advanced experiences about Japanese SMEs'basic policies to explore how to construct SMEs'basic policy system suitable for Chinese national situation, focusing on the SMEs basic law and adopting methods such as the quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, empirical analysis and systematic analysis. The basic viewpoints of this paper are as follows:Firstly, the theory basis of Japanese SMEs has experienced the process from"problematic SMEs recognition theory"to"contributive SMEs recognition theory". China has also once focused on the pessimistic SMEs recognition theory, believing that the disadvantages existing in SMEs decide they can never compete with large enterprises and they would quit in the market economy eventually, which is the main reason why SMEs development should not be encouraged in large quantities. But with the economic development, the theories of supporting and affirming SMEs gradually get an upper hand. This paper believes that correct attitudes treating SMEs should be the ones actively supporting and encouraging SMEs existence and development in the national economy. But we can not circumvent and deny the inherent defects and drawbacks of SMEs and their disregard for social responsibilities when in pursuit of maximization of profits. Only establishing correct SMEs developing theories, can they supply scientific guidance to construct SMEs'basic policies.Secondly, SMEs basic policies'historical evolutions in both countries have obvious periodic features, and they also view relations between SMEs and large enterprises as an important reference factor in drawing up SMEs'policies. But compared with Japan, the development of Chinese SMEs basic policy is still relatively lagging behind. The paper holds that a vivid characteristic of Japanese SMEs basic policy is constantly studying the relation variation between SMEs and large enterprises and improving it greatly. China should borrow ideas from Japan, which can review SMEs'basic policies suitable for the national industry policy in a dynamic and developmental way in accordance with the international and domestic overall economic climate. Especially we should supplement the key content of coordinating the relation between SMEs and large enterprises in SMEs basic law.Thirdly, our nation's current definition standard of SMEs is similar to that of Japan, compared with stipulations in Japanese new SMEs Basic Law: (1)the business demarcation is one of defining factors for both. (2)the number of employees is kind of reference factor for both. (3)Both of them stipulate hybrid quantitative standards, namely, Japan measures SMEs scales using 2 indicators of"number of employees"and"amount of finance"when defining SMEs, while our country divides SMEs using 3 indicators of"number of staff","sale proceeds", and"total sums of assets". When improving Chinese SMEs'basic policies, we must treat the legal definition standards of SMEs in a developmental vision. This paper holds that the core and basis of our nation's SMEs basic policies. And the basic law should firstly make a clear and scientific rule on SMEs'dividing standards: it should keep the qualitative analysis in SMEs Promotion Law, as well as combing the quantitative stipulation in the current Temporary Regulations on SMEs Dividing Standards.Fourthly, both in Chinese and Japanese economies, SMEs have shown the huge advantages in dealing with social employment, encouraging technology innovations, promoting export and foreign exchange generation, maintaining social stability and increasing government's financial incomes. This is their shared function embodiment. But disparities of national situations and economic development between the two countries are causing very obvious differences when SMEs work, especially in aspects of technology creative ability, attracted employees'qualities, dissemination of our country's traditional cultural business to some extent. This paper holds that along with the constant improvements of regulations and laws, SMEs in our country should try their best to escalate its own status and qualities in the social economy so as to play an important role in the national economic construction.Fifthly, the come into being of Japanese SMEs basic law was fitting in with Japanese economic developmental needs. Its economic background is the special phenomenon of"dual structure"appearing in Japanese economy after World War II, which caused the huge gap between Japanese SMEs and large enterprises. The direct reason for the coming on of Japanese SMEs Basic Law is to give more support to SMEs and positively eliminate the disadvantages the"dual structure"phenomenon put on the development of SMEs; but the advent of our nation's SMEs Promotion Law has two-tier factors, namely, the subjective needs of SMEs'development and objective variations of outer economic climate.Sixthly, the content framework of SMEs fundamental policies is established in SMEs Basic Law in Japan. As we can see, Japanese fundamental policies of SMEs is proceeding under the legislative safeguard of SMEs Basic Law. The inseparable relationship between the fundamental policies and the Basic Law can also be easily analyzed. Therefore, during the construction of the SMEs policy system, we should also learn Japanese advanced experiences, that is, under the direction of the legislative idea of SMEs Basic Law, establishing a multi-level and multi-angle SMEs fundamental policy system. In form, SMEs basic policy system includes SMEs basic law and other basic policies; in essence, the legislative principle of SMEs basic law guides SMEs basic policies except the basic law. Through the research on Chinese and Japanese basic law's policy structures, the relationship between SMEs basic policies'system and SMEs basic law could be fully shown. This is the key researching part of the paper.In a word, this paper presents the comparisons as its main writing skill, adopting the researching methods of combining quantitative and qualitative analyses, empirical and regulative analyses, utilizing historical and developing perspectives, under the guidance of the subject theories in Economics and Management, and meanwhile absorbing relevant theories from the discipline of Enterprise Law. It sticks to the train of thoughts as a whole as follows:"raising problems----researching theories-------analyzing current situations-----creating modes-----studying countermeasures", which makes specific comparisons and generalization in terms of SMEs'basic law and policies in China and Japan so as to propose new initiatives and suggestions for constructing SMEs'basic policies basing on our country's basic law.