The Study Of Peasants' Citizenship In The Course Of Population Urbanization

Joseph E. Stiglitz, professor of Columbia Business School, laureate of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2001, has pointed out:"there are two things affected in a big way to the world: first, American high-tech industry; second, China's urbanization."China is a largest country on population in the world, and in the course of rapidly conversion. Urbanization development has made indelible contribution to the development of China and even the whole international sustainable and stable development of national economy and society. When we speak of urbanization, much attention has been paid to expand the city size, improve the urban environment, but peasants'problems in the urbanization process have been neglected consciously or unconsciously. Identity authentication is unnecessary during the peasants'citizenship, but rights-sharing with citizens. Otherwise, the"new citizens"will be socially marginalized, neither are neither citizens nor peasants, they lost the inherent and inalienable rights of the peasants', but the expecting rights as citizens sharing has not been solved thoroughly. The illustrious urbanization movements bring up more than 100 millions non-urban-citizens; they cannot possess the basic urban social rights. It is the shame of the China's urbanization history. Urbanization is an important stage and carrier of the peasants'citizenship, the peasants'citizenship is the result and purpose of population urbanization, the theory of the peasants'citizenship deepens and improves the theory of population urbanization. The study of the peasants'citizenship is inevitable requirement to implement the ideas of construct socialist harmonious society and scientific development view with population urbanization crisis highlighted. This article is divided into seven chapters, the main contents and the major viewpoints are following:The first chapter is introduction. It elaborates the practical and theoretical significances of research, comments Chinese and foreign literatures and points out their deficiencies. In addition, it introduces research methods, writing ideas and logical structure. It concludes the paper's innovations and lacks.The second chapter analyses the basic concept. On the basis of elaborating meaning of city, urbanization and population urbanization, it points out that population urbanization includes both peasants'converting into urban residents and their life-style urbanism; On the basis of elaborating citizen's concepts and characters, it points out that citizens who live in city can enjoy economic, social and cultural rights. In China, having city account is the premise to enjoy before-mentioned rights, non-agricultural population in city are the main citizens. Through historical analysis, it thinks Chinese peasants belong to status category, and compares relationship of peasant, farmer and agricultural population. The peasants'citizenship is refers to peasants transfer to the city and obtain economic, social and cultural rights which citizens enjoy in the process of population urbanization, during which along with the values, the thinking mode, the life-style and the behavior will be changed. The peasants'citizenship divides two stages. The primary stage of the peasants'citizenship is that peasants transform into city from rural areas constantly and obtain the same economy, society and cultural rights with citizens through population urbanization gradually. The advanced of the peasants'citizenship is that peasants not only obtain the same economy, society and cultural right with citizens but also their value idea, thinking mode, life style and so on gradually integrate with citizens in the processes of population urbanization. The peasants'citizenship is unity of population urbanization, population modernization and population socialization.The third Chapter studies the problems of the peasants'citizenship in the process of population urbanization. It points out that population urbanization is the inevitable tendency of a society, industrialization is the driving force of the peasants'citizenship; non-agricultural job is the"Speeder"; urbanization is the carrier of the peasants'citizenship; the process of the peasants'citizenship will end when urban integrated with rural. Urbanization is the precondition of the peasants'citizenship; the peasants'citizenship is the expanding connotation of population urbanization. The peasants'citizenship is essence and core of population urbanization; population urbanization is carrier of the peasants'citizenship. In short, they are both connection and distinction. It discusses the problems of the peasants'citizenship from the economic, social and cultural rights, for example, unequal employment opportunities, unequal social guarantees and unequal education rights for their children.The fourth chapter discusses the moderate scale of the peasants'converting into urban residents. This chapter comprehensively analyses the subjective and objective conditions and restrictive factors for peasants converting into urban residents. From the view of the theory of optimum population, optimum scale of cities and urban sustainable development, we should insist on moderate scale of peasants'converting into urban residents.The fifth chapter expounds negative impacts on urban and rural sustainable development because the speed of peasants'converting into urban residents is excessive or straggly.The sixth chapter explains the urbanism of peasants' life-style. From citizens'life-style characteristics, the peasants'citizenship is a process of population modernization; from the perspective of conflicts and integration of citizens'and peasants'life-style, the peasants'citizenship is a process of population socialization.The seventh chapter illustrates development means of the peasants'citizenship.This article attempts to achieve innovation in the following areas:Firstly, in theory: this paper analyzes the essential difference between peasant and citizen; defines the concept of the peasants'citizenship from the perspective of population urbanization. It reviews the theoretical origins of the moderate scale of peasants'converting into urban residents from the view of the theory of optimum population, optimum scale of cities, urban sustainable development. Secondly, research perspective: it studies on the peasants'citizenship under population urbanization background, from the passive peasants'citizenship research to active, and explores moderate scale of peasants'converting into urban residents.Thirdly, adhere to the scientific development view: the author proposes that we should study moderate scale of peasants'converting into urban residents under sustainable development strategy.The disadvantages of this paper are that the rate of citizens is approximate value; non-construct city life-style index system; the moderate scale of peasants'converting into urban residents is academic.