In 1978 In China Since The Disaster Mitigation Work Study

Being focused on disaster relief and reduction work since reform and opening-up, the paper reviews the thread of reform and development about disaster relief and reduction work in China since 1978 systematically, and reveals its historical contexts and causes. On this basis, the paper summarizes the historical inspirations, lessens and changes of the work idea. According to the stage characteristics of disaster relief and reduction work, the paper divides its reform into three phases: the phase of adjusting traditional system(1978-1989); the phase of taking initial shape about modern system(1989——1998) and the phase of reform and improvement about modern system(since 1998).The paper consists of three parts: introduction, body of four chapters and concluding remarks(the fifth chapter).The introduction part mainly introduces the academic value and practical significance of this topic, research state of the field, breakthroughs and difficulties, main research methods and the basic framework of this paper.ChapterⅠreviews traditional disaster relief and reduction work between 1949 and 1978. This part analyses the damages on society organ and the negative effects on industrialization strategy, land reform, suppressing the bandits, agricultural cooperation movement, and so on, brought by natural disaster. In addition, this chapter reviews guidelines, policies and measures on disaster relief and reduction work of China from 1949 to 1978 .On this basis, ChapterⅠsums up the problems that exits in traditional system of disaster relief and reduction work.ChapterⅡintroduces the adjusting to traditional system of disaster relief and reduction work from 1978 to 1989 centering on changing the using methods of disaster relief funds. This part reviews the adjustments to the traditional system of disaster relief and reduction work, and analyses its backgrounds. On the basis of this, the author makes some valuations on the adjustments. The author thinks that the focus of the reform about disaster relief and reduction work between 1978and 1989 is relieving financial pressures of the Central Government, and the core of the reform is carrying out compensated use of part disaster relief work funds. According to this principle, Chinese government takes some measures, such as carrying on insurance in disaster relief work, responsibility for disaster relief funds, and establishing turnover funds for disaster relief work and poverty alleviation, etc. The adjusting relieves some burdens of the Central Government to a certain extent, and transfers enthusiasm of the local governments. Also, the adjusting promotes the socialization of the disaster relief work. But the adjusting has not jumped out of the traditional framework, and has not changed the system that disaster relief work gets appropriating funds mainly from the Central Government. So, all the changes on disaster relief work in the 1980s belong to the category of adjusting, but not reform in its true sense.ChapterⅢis mainly about the reforms to the traditional system of disaster relief work after 1989 when International Ten Years for Natural Disaster Reduction in China built up. The reforms on this stage centers on establishing the system with management at different levels. In the late1980s and the early 1990s, the society was characterized by institutional transition and disaster relief and reduction work stepped into reform stage in the true sense. Taking advantage of the atmosphere formed by the establishment of International Ten Years for Natural Disaster Reduction in China and conducting disaster reduction work, and centering on establishing the system with management at different levels, Chinese government began to reform the traditional system of disaster relief work, and built up a modern system that makes clear the responsibilities between Central Government and local governments. This system strengthens the duty for disaster relief and reduction work committed by local governments, and makes disaster relief and reduction work more scientific and rational. The author thinks that having constructed a basic framework of the modern system and finished the transition from traditional system to modern system is the largest contribution of the reform between 1989and 1998. But the reforms still remained some problems, such as distinguishing disaster relief work and social relief, dividing the disaster grades and duties, constructing legal system, adjusting different departments.ChapterⅣis mainly about the reforms and perfections to the modern system on disaster relief and reduction work. The reforms centers on the construction of the natural disaster relief system and construction of capability. Since the late 1990s, the reform to disaster relief and reduction work in China has stepped into a much higher level. Surrounding the construction of system and capability, Chinese government takes some measures to perfect the modern system of disaster relief and reduction work, such as giving full play to science and technology in disaster relief and reduction work, establishing materials reserve system providing disaster relief, establishing modern disaster situation managing system, clarifying the responsibilities of governments, giving full play to non-governmental organization. The reforms improved the comprehensive coordination capabilities and emergency rescue capabilities. Also, the reforms improved the socialization level of disaster relief work. But the reform remains some problems that need to be solved. Materials reserve providing disaster relief can not cope with the larger natural disasters. The mechanism that non-governmental organization participants in disaster relief and reduction work is still not perfect. The establishment of comprehensive law and statute lags behind the practical need.ChapterⅤis about concluding remarks. This part summarizes the overall reform course about disaster relief and reduction work in China since reform and opening-up, and analyses the existing problems and changes of the work idea. On this basis, the author sums up the historical inspirations and lessens in disaster relief and reduction work of China since 1978.In addition, on the basis of reviewing the complete picture that disaster relief and reduction work develops and changes, this paper makes some researches on the weaker links in this area, and reviews the changes in the attitude to disaster relief aids providing by foreign governments and organizations. Also, this paper analyses the development of social donation system, the backgrounds, lessens and enlightenments behind its development.