Research On Building Of The Grass-roots Political Power In Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region During Yanan Period

China is a big country and its rural population accounts for a vast majority of the population. Solving China's problems can not be separated from the masses of peasants. History has proven that the person who can mobilize the peasant from the rural and realize the integration of the various forces will be able to achieve the success of the revolution and construction. During Yan'an period, the Communist Party of China created the historical glory. During this period, the CPC met the basic interests'of the peasants'masses, realized the control of rural society and mobilization of the mass by successfully building of the grass-roots political power at base level. In a relatively peaceful environment, as the location of the CPC Central Committee, the new democratic, political, economic, and cultural programs were fully implemented within the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. The Border Region became the country's model. Therefore, studying the building of grass-roots political power in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region during the Yan'an period may reflect the deep-seated reasons why does the Communist revolution win in the end. At the same time, the reality required to draw nutrition from the history. The building of rural grass-roots political power carried out by the Communist Party of China has undergone a process of four stage, they are beginning, developing, turning and changing. Traces and the accumulation of the history may constantly affect current practice. Widening the historical perspectives, the idea, principle, path, purpose and so on of the building grassroots political power of the Communist Party of China during Yan'an period provide the reference and inspiration for the building of current grass-roots regime. However, the thematic research on this topic is still rarely seen. In this paper, I select the building of grass-roots political power in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region during Yan'an period as the research subject and try to depict its historical picture depending on substantial historical data and the previous achievements under the guidance of historical materialism of Marxist.Except for the introduction, the paper includes five chapters and conclusion.Chapter one emphasizes on the new pattern of grass-roots political power. During Yanan Period, the new pattern of three-in-one took shape led by the party branch by organizing party, government and mass together. Border regime in the rural or urban system was composed mainly of public institutions, government agencies and its various subsidiary committees that constitute the main power of rural society. Township (city) government implemented system combined discussion and action. There was no formal judiciary in township (or the equivalent of township or city), but subsidiary organs of justice carrying out mediation that constituted an important part of justice administration in the Border. Branches of the Communist Party of China were the leading power, guiding the regime and the rural groups. Border Region attached great importance to the construction of rural branches and took a series of measures. Mass organizations supported and relied on the grass-roots government, including Women's Federation, Youth National Salvation Council, trade union and farmers, as well as various economic organizations and educational organizations. The organizations accepted the leadership of the Communist Party and had its own system to implement democratic centralism. The development of these mass organizations had played an important role to create and consolidate the regime and support the anti-Japanese struggle. At the same time, the "streamlining" policy was carried out at the grass-roots political power in order to realize further streamlining and efficiency. The new power structure guaranteed the implementation of the Communist Party's guidelines, principles and policy at the grass-roots society, and represented the interests of the broad rural masses and to overcome the defects of the old power structure.Chapter two expounds the grass-roots democratic elections. Democratic election was the fundamental way to produce power in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. In order to break the grass-roots people's political indifference, lead them to the correct view of the election and actively participate in the elections and exercise their rights, Chinese communists did a great deal of arduous and painstaking work on publicity and mobilization the masses doing what they never experienced. Therefore, the masses had a profound identity to the policies of the Communist Party. Their political awareness and enthusiasm participating in the election had been greatly enhanced. Through participation in democratic elections, the grass-roots people fulfilled their civil rights directly. The principle of direct elections was implemented best at township level. Grass-roots people checked actively the government work. To facilitate the masters of voters to exercise their voting rights, the Border created various voting ways and ensured the majority of people taking part in the elections. With the ethnic conflicts rising to the principal contradiction, the Communist Party took "Three-three on system" principle on the power construction carried out in the countryside. Through democratic elections, the outstanding rural figures, activists, who were called the "good guys" were elected. The rural power was transformed and optimized.Chapter three explains the construction on the grass-roots cadres. The key whether a regime holding a healthy body and the vitality of development, lies in the ranks of cadres within the regime. Being fully aware of the importance of the grass-roots cadres in the extremely difficult and complex conditions, the Government of Border Region adopted a series of measures to strengthen the grass-roots cadres, including educating, helping and guiding, cleaning of the government. Through these concrete measures, the grass-roots cadre teams of the Border became really good cadre of public servants and were agreed by the rural people. As a result, the relations between the party and masses were closer and the rural authority was reshaped.Chapter four emphasizes on the construction of the autonomous rural regime of ethnic minority. The policy of Regional Autonomy of Minority Nationalities got preliminary practice in the Border Area during Yan'an period that added new content for the grass-roots political power in the Border Area. According to the national program of Regional Autonomy of Minority, the CPC and the Government had set up six Hui Autonomous Regions and a Mongolia Autonomous Region since 1942. The rural residents living in Minority Autonomous Regions could exercise their democratic rights and elect their representatives to the interests of the masses in accordance with their wishes through direct ballot. These representatives were composed of the autonomous bodies, exercised their autonomy and managed the nation's internal affairs. The government of Autonomous Regions of Minorities was mainly to develop production, place foreign minority immigrants, develop minority education, unite with the Han nationality and other ethnic minorities. At the same time, the Border Region Government attached particular importance to the work on cultivating minority cadres. Anyway the construction on rural minority autonomous regime had an important historical role.Chapter five expounds the characteristics of building grassroots political power in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region -- compared with the KMT Baojia system. First one is the self-governing. The KMT did not achieve the purpose of"Baojia with a combination of self-government". And the Communist Party of China implemented initially the village autonomy in Border. Second one is making the benefits to the people. The implementation of Baojia system seriously deviated from the interests of the people. The construction of the grass-roots political power of CPC in the Border Area paid more attention to the protection and development of the people's economic and cultural benefits. Third one is the mobilization. The implementation of Baojia system did not break the political apathy of the broad rural people for thousands of years. The construction on grass-roots political power of CPC in the Border Region achieved wide agreement of the rural people.The Conclusion analyzes the historical location, the historical limitations and the historical enlightenment of the building of grassroots political power in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region during Yan'an period. It is the beginning that implemented successfully rural mobilization and social integration at the process of modernization. But there were many limitations for being subject to the social and historical conditions at that time. The objectives of standardization were not fully realized. The relations between grassroots party and government had been a problem. The way of mass movement was often taken and the participation of rural masses was passive. In spite of this, the relevance in history provided important inspiration for today's practice of building grassroots political power.