The Equalization Of Basic Pubic Services: The Process And Logic

The equalization of basic public services is an important guiding principle in the new era,which is carded out through the idea of the humanism of scientific outlook on development by our government to promote the economical society development wholly,harmoniously and continuously. Although in theoretical aspect,the concept of the equalization of basic public services was proposed officially in March 2006 in the "People's Republic of China National Economic and Social Development Five-Year Plan",in practice,our government has begun to provide social insurance, social assistance,basic medical treatment and other basic pubic service.This research aims at surveying the effective factors from the political,economical,social and cultural aspects,the discipline of the basic public service development in order to exposit the inner logic for the changes of pubic service.In the thesis,the research is carried on using the social security service as the main research object from all the aspects of basic pubic services,under the background of the macro political, economical,social and cultural factors,through the survey of the history on the changes of principles of social service and the quality so as to analyze the change and logic of the equalization of pubic services.On the supplying principle and supplying result of public services,the equalization process of pubic service in China can be divided into two periods after the liberation of China:the equilibration direct from 1949 to 1984;the discrepancy direct from 1985 to 2005.The research is carded on according to the logic of the methodology of historical survey and related factors.The previous angle of view is diachronic one,which contains a comparative analysis from cities,countries and between cities and countries,the three aspects to exploit the formation process of social security service in cities and countries respectively.At the same time,the comparative research on the equalization condition and tendency is made between areas,cities and countries using the data and index on public expenditure,the social insurance,social assistance,and etc.On the basis of the previous result from the diachronic analysis,the author concludes that it's a kind of low-level fundamental life security in the first period.And the difference is that the social security service in cities is from the work unit and the arrangement is identity which made the service is almost equal among citizens and workers while the social security service in countries is featured as collective one,which is based on the collective economy and among the farmers the service also is almost equal.But between the citizens and farmers,what they received as central social security service is unequal;however,the basic life security is relatively equal.During the period of discrepancy direct,the principle of social security service between the cities and countries is differentiated and at the same time the distance of social service quality is enlarged with the difference among areas.The relative factor analysis mainly discussed the effect of political,economical,social and cultural factors to the basic pubic services and social security services.From the political aspect,the author analyzed the changes of the political legitimacy and the target regime under the goal of seeking the political legitimacy and the target regime.The conclusion is that Communist ideology is the basis of political legitimacy in the period of equilibration direct,therefore the equality of the regime is the most important goal;however,in the period of the discrepancy direct,the economical development is the basis of political legitimacy,and pursuing the economical development changed to be the target. All these affect the condition of the equalization of the basic public services.From the economical aspect,the author analyzed the economical effect on the equalization of the basic public services considering the industrialization road and Economic Development Strategy.In the first period,both the inequality of the urban-rural development and the priority of the industrialization road strategy led to the urban-rural duality in the basic public services;while in the second period,the practice of Household Contract Responsibility System led to the disappear of the social service being lack of the collective economy and there returned to the traditional family protection in countries.In cities,under the influence of the reform of the state-owned enterprises, the designing of the principle also obeyed the differentiation rule which made the citizens can receive the unequal basic public services.At the same time,such services showed the distance and difference according to the geographical difference.From the social aspect,the author concluded that the social contradictions,differentiation of social classes,traditional and cultural also do great effects on the equalization of the basic public services.After the discussion,the author drew the conclusion that all the factors lead to the changes and the processing of the equalization of pubic services.The process is an uneven path,which experienced from the wholly averaged level to relatively equal level and the discrepancy level.All the factors play an important role in the process.The political factor acted as the principle direct which guided the direction the development of the public service;the economical factor is the material base which can guide the development of the pubic service;and the social and cultural factors are the cooperative aspects which contribute to the harmonious development of public service.To sum up,the main finds are the relationship between the political,economical,social and cultural factors and the basic public service in China,which experiences the uneven road from wholly equal to relatively equal,to the differentiated level,under the effect of the former reasons.