The Logic On People’s Livelihood:Research On Equalization Of Basic Public Services

China has changed from the necessity-push society to the developing society, which makes public demand for people’s livelihood speedily released. Meanwhile, the conflicts of social interests caused by the unbalanced development also gradually emerge. Therefore, Public services have got access to the policy agenda. They have become the major concerns for the development of people’s livelihood, and have also become the ideal choices of the maintenance of social justice. The scientific outlook on development based on "People-oriented" concept is linked to the comprehensive development of people and the construction of modernization, and it also makes a clear strategic direction of contemporary China’s political development. The construction of society which places great emphasis on the improving of people’s livelihood has begun. In this background, it has important political and social significance in retroacting generation logic, exploring the theoretical norms of public services, and monitoring the policy of the development people’s livelihood.On the generation logic, public services originate from the social demand and related to basic human rights. Human rights are the basis of natural logical arrangement, and contain a minimum of universal moral standards. The country is on behalf of "general will". When human rights resort to the expression of civil rights, the country will bear to protect the rights and obligations to maintain public interests. In this way, people’s livelihood closely related to the rights of citizens and public services was confirmed on the constitutional level. In modern society, citizens enjoy the appropriate economic benefits, social security and social services, as well as the prerequisite for the universal human rights. This concept has reached broad consensus in the international community. Furthermore, to alleviate economic inequality in social development, and to ensure citizens to enjoy basic living standard, are the duty of modern government and also a common practice around the world.According to the original theory, social contract theory is originated in the west, and has established the constitutional norms for modern public administration. With Rawls as the representative of the new contract theory, the interpretation of social structure justice provides the theory style for the practice of public services. Different from the western countries, China is lack of systematic theory for civil rights, but it has a long history on the ideology of minben, which contains the awareness of democracy and the concept of people’s livelihood, and also constitutes the historical and cultural resources of the contemporary democracy. The socialist’s regime of "Popular sovereignty" constitutional principle provides a legal basis for the protection of the rights of citizens. Contemporary China, solving the problems of people’s livelihood, needs the government to guarantee the civil social rights and to focus on promoting the equal development of labor and employment, social security, education, health, housing security, and public cultural fields, ultimately to ensure the most people’s benefits.On the orientation of fairness, the equalization of basic public services is a policy expression of distributive justice and is the be appeal on social equity. The civil social rights, based on the consideration of realistic national conditions, establish the "fairness" of the mode of action. It is feasible way to the equalization of basic public services in China. The bottom line is the focus of the fairness, and is the responsibility of the Government. The Government needs to bear the ultimate protection obligations. The bottom line of fairness means that all citizens are treated equally in front of "bottom line". This means that basic public services should reach the real sense of social justice. This social fairness should follow the principle of compensation fairness to achieve an appropriate care for "the disadvantaged" or "the least advantaged". This social justice demand to integrate the "right","capacity","opportunity" and other key elements to ensure basic public services for all citizens of accessibility.On the path of practice, the concept of scientific development is proposed and established.It indicates that China will select the "people-oriented" inclusive development mode, and will promote the realization of the justice and coordination of development. To be consistent with the inclusive development strategy, the government must realize the fundamental transformation from "development-oriented"to "service-oriented", fulfill its public service functions. To promote the equalization of basic public services, public finance is the most important policy tools.It needs to clarify the scope of administrative authority, specify inter-governmental fiscal relations, and ensure financial support for public services. To promote the equalization of basic public services, under the premise of "payment responsibilities" and acting as the designer of public services, the government also needs steering market sector,"third sector", and "fourth sector" to play active roles, to share the functions of governance in cooperation, and to improve the performance of public services.On the political sense, the equalization of basic public services is the logic of practice on the politics of people’s livelihood. Livelihood issues, in essence, are the issues of human existence and development. People’s livelihood is the logical starting point for the civil rights, including the value of the demands of social justice and real concerns of political identity. The core of people’s livelihood issues is a political issue. If people’s livelihood issues would not be solved, it will be difficult for the citizens to achieve the social rights, and their political rights will be "suspended". If people’s livelihoods issues would not be solved, political legitimacy will be questioned, the social justice order will be broken, and the national integration will face challenges. At the present stage, the special significance of equalization of basic public services is to eliminate the possibility of "three gaps", to adjust social interests, and to guide the country into the overall coordination of the development track. On the level of the governance of the nation, it has the vital political and social significance to comply with the logic of balanced regional development, to implement the strategy of social priority development, to promote the equalization of basic public services, and to reconstruct the driving sources and new model of national integration.