| This thesis is the research about the relations between scientific and technological revolution and the development of contemporary socialistic theory and practice. The research applies the method of multi-disciplinary co-operation, involving fields of economics, philosophy of science and technology; history of technological and industrial revolution and theory of scientific socialism, thus the research is a interdisciplinay and comprehensive one. The research tries to answer several theoretical problems that have troubled the development of socialistic theory and practice, respond to a series of doubt about the socialistic theory and on these basis analyze the internal limitations of capitalism as well as the values and system superiorities of socialism in the process of promoting the economic and social comprehensive development through encouraging scientific and technological progress.In the development course of socialistic theory and practice, the doubt about the correctness of scientific socialism theory has never stopped. In view of historical development since the origination of scientific socialism theory, attacks against the theory are mainly showed as doubt about scientificity of Marxism labor theory of value. After the WWâ…¡, with the rising of scientific and technological revolution, the automation degree of production increased day by day and the direct labor occupied fewer and fewer proportion in the process of material production, many people began to doubt whether living labor is the only creator of values and put forward whether automatic machines are also creators of values. In recent years, along with the rapid rise of knowledge-based economy, knowledge becomes the most important source of wealth; the doubt is further converted to whether science and technology can create values and whether knowledge becomes another subject that can create values.The challenges against scientific socialism theory also come from the rapid development of capitalism since the world war. According to capitalism development rules revealed by Marx, along with wide application of technology on production, the organic composition of capital increases gradually, the downtrend of average profit rate will become increasingly obvious, which will lead to economic recession in the process of capitalism development and appearance of the unemployed, thus sounding the death knell for the ultimate demise of capitalism. However, the reality is that instead of declining after the war, capitalism gained rapid development; not only had the destructive effect of economic crisis decreased greatly, the range of economic fluctuation also decreased constantly and the production grows rapidly. At the same time, the traditional socialistic model displayed the disadvantages gradually after going through glory and finally came to an end at the beginning of 1990s. People cannot help from reflecting that whether capitalism would really come to an end, what exactly the advantages of socialism are, and who is the ultimate winner in the competition of the two systems.The thesis is conducted around the two above-mentioned problems:the first is defending the scientificity of labor theory of value in the new historical condition through the expansion of the concept of labor as well as analysis and demonstration of value creation process in the condition of new technological revolution; the second is revealing internal limitations of capitalism development and system advantages of socialism in promoting scientific and technological progress through analyzing the impact of scientific and technological progress on capitalism and socialism. Through analysis and demonstration based on strict logic, it is predicted that under the development background of new scientific and technological increasingly deepening, based on absorbing human civilization development fruits, through establishing market system to deploy economic and technological recourses, socialism will fully develop its advantages in value and system, thus achieving victory in the competition against capitalism.The thesis starts from the distinction and relation among science, technology, scientific revolution, technological revolution and industrial revolution, then explains their essence at large and finds that there is big difference between science and technology. According to the thesis, the basic sense of science is the activity of understanding natural laws, while technology is the application of the understanding fruit; nowadays the reason we combine the two as scientific and technological revolution is just to illustrate the close relationship between the two in the modern scientific and technological development condition. This kind of partition which is based on the difference of their essences is a key in solving the doubt about labor theory of value in the condition of new scientific and technological revolution. Through analysis and demonstration, it is found out in the thesis that science and technology follow different development rules and they are also the most important factors in influencing the ultimate fate of the two different systems of capitalism and socialism.According to the difference in the essence of science and technology, scientific revolution in the full sense has happened just twice in the history, the first scientific revolution leaded to establishment of classic scientific system labeled by Newton mechanics; the second scientific revolution referred to the formation of scientific system composed by modern physics represented by quantum mechanics, modern chemistry as well as biology. From the view angle that key technological innovation would lead to the great regulation of industrial structure, the essences of industrial revolution and technological revolution are the same and such kind of revolutions have happened four times in the history. For the first streamer technological revolution, science hasn't participated in technological revolution with the scope and depth we see today, science began to play its key role in technological revolution and industrial revolution since the second electrical power technological revolution. The several later scientific and technological revolutions have not only changed the development course of capitalism, but also exerted profound influence on scientific socialism theory and practice.According to the thesis, the social organizational system characteristics displayed by modern scientific development is an important factor in deciding the competitive results between capitalism and socialism. In Marx' living time, science hasn't displayed its current looks and it was just hobbies of the minority; science wasn't the specialized social organizational system of the scope nowadays and it basically was dissociated from the normal organizations of the society. Although technological advancement in production can bring fat profit to the capital, yet very few are the result of application of theoretical research results in production. During the early period of large machine industrial production, even if application of science began to play its great role in production, science was just productivity that cost nothing for Marx, as the scientific results are just given as a present by historical development. Yet when scientific and technological exerts its profound influence on each field of production and life nowadays, science becomes an enormous social activity and social organizational system as well as an enormous project that involved high costs and many persons. Science is no longer the productivity that costs nothing; it has converted from the potential and theoretical productivity to "the primary productivity" after combining with technology. If capitalism wants to continue applying scientific research results in promoting production technology progress and obtaining excess profit for free, it can only achieve the goal through hindering the scientific development; while the only result is that technological innovation becomes water without a source and a tree without root, thus the constant increase of economy loses the driving force. The above-mentioned viewpoint is an important theoretical result of the research.In the research of the thesis, the technological innovation promoted by scientific and technological revolution is one of the core concepts of the thesis. Through comparison and analysis of different characteristics of technological innovation in different historical stages of scientific, technological and productive development, the thesis reveals that in the historical condition of new technological revolution, the new crisis confronted by capitalism and the new opportunities faced up by socialism is another core problem of the research.According to the thesis, technological innovation develops in two directions:the first is innovation of technical skills; the second is the innovation of product. Purpose of the former is to raise labor productivity largely; while the latter is to promote the emergence of new industrial departments and expand social division of labor. The diligent pursuit of raising labor productivity leads capitalistic production to a high degree of automation and the formation of fordism is the expression of the pursuit of the highest stage. The sign of termination of industrial capitalism characterized by mass production of material products is the ultimate demise of fordism of 1970s. Before this period, the performance of capitalism economic crisis corresponds to the analyzing paradigm of traditional political economy, thus the series of analysis about the economic crisis made by Marx are completely appropriate for the capitalism development rules of this stage. New characteristics of capitalism development is related with the technological innovation resulted by new scientific and technological revolution, especially the product innovation. Due to the development of automation, especially the vast mergence of new industrial departments, the capitalistic production demonstrates new structural features, namely, the large-scale international shift of manufacturing and rapid development of the third industry, one of whose consequences is that the developed capitalistic countries occupy the monopoly position steadily in technological innovation and the service industry becomes leading industry in national economic growth.The high automation of production and the industrial structure regulation favoring service industry lead to fundamental change of distribution of employed population and social productive value among different industries. In this stage, the rule of declining average profit rate predicted by Marx plays a part in highly automatized heavy industry and high-tech industry as well as service industry with direct labor as main body. To gain profit, capital flows among different industries, thus sharing profit among different industries. The profit flow between the service industry with high direct labor investment and capital as well as technology intensive industries with low direct labor investment brings about the disguise that the machines can create commodity value; whether machines can create value becomes the focus of theoretical argument in the new productive condition and it also becomes the excuse and reason used by many people to attack that Marx' labor theory of value has lost the explanatory power in the new condition.The research result of the thesis indicates that the disguise of machines creating values resulted from high automation of production and the industrial structure regulation favoring service industry is untenable, besides, they would not bring essential menace to Marxist theory or scientific socialism theory, not to speak of completely wavering theoretical foundation of Marxist theory and scientific socialism theory. All these problems can be solved within the theoretical framework of the thesis under the premise of sticking to Marxist labor theory of value and rule of declining average profit rate. This is another important theoretical innovative result of the research.The vicissitude of traditional socialism modal is also a key point of the thesis. The analysis and summary of vicissitude of traditional modal can provide beneficial experience for contemporary socialism development. According to the thesis, the traditional socialism modal is a response to the social productive development characteristics in the stage of industrial capitalism. The modernized road taken by traditional mode is a so-called "imitative industrialization" that relies excessively on resource investment, focuses on raising labor productivity and imitates capitalism large industrial productive mode. This mode lacks encouragement for technological innovation and scientific development, even blockades the development. Therefore, in the historical development of socialism, although the planned economy has played positive part and the traditional mode made important contributions, yet when the social productive mode resulted by scientific and technological revolution encounters great change, the system cannot adapt to the change and comes to an end finally.According to the thesis, although there are many reasons leading to the failure of traditional mode and many specialists make revelation from different perspectives, yet in the final analysis, that the road of "imitating industrialization" established on the basis of responding to large machines production is inappropriate for the fundamental transition of productive development in the new technological revolution is the root cause for its ultimate demise.Based on analyzing capitalism production development history, the thesis finds that with the continuous deepening of scientific and technological revolution, the immanent contractions of capitalism perform in different ways, which are mainly manifested as the incompatibility between capitalism and contemporary scientific development in essence. Particularly, scientific development and technological development are of different mechanisms, generally speaking, the researches of basic scientific theory are mainly carried out by the nonprofit specialized organization and research-oriented universities, while the main body of technological innovation is the enterprise. Obviously, greatly developing higher education, improving quality of human resources and strengthening research on basic scientific theory have become the key in system competition. In the great science time, scientific research has become a large-scale social project that costs high, while the capitalism ideology and institutional structure based on individualism values emphasize economic returns only and repels the investment on science as well as other public utilities. As the immanent logic and values of capitalism are incompatible with development of scientific enterprise, capitalism cannot avoid the stagnation of scientific development. When the scientific development stagnates, technological innovation will lose its driving force finally due to lack of the support from scientific theory. In the time of knowledge-based economy, stagnation of technological innovation will finally lead to the stagnation of capitalism production. Although due to the cause of historical development, the developed capitalistic countries edge over the underdeveloped socialistic countries in scientific research, however, seen from the long-time development trend, this kind of stagnation is inevitable. Contrarily, the socialism values decide that entire interest of society is superior over personal interest, society provides basic institutional guarantee for promoting the development of science and education, thus ensuring scientific and technological progress, supplying strong development potentiality for socialism enterprises and gaining the final victory in the long-time competition with capitalism.Through the analysis of rules of international industrial shift, the thesis also discovers that the declining of manufacturing in the western developed countries is the inevitable consequence of shift in social productive mode. The unreasonable system of division of labor for international industry on the one hand offer the developed capitalistic countries a large quantity of monopoly profit, on the other hand hinders the reasonable development of industrial structure and hollow the capitalistic industries, which is also the root of global financial and economic crisis originating from the developed capitalism countries. These conclusions are also important theoretical achievement of the research.Through the analysis of difference between market economy and capitalism, this thesis is of the opinion that on the basis of drawing experiences and lessons from the vicissitude of traditional mode, socialism can absorb the successful experience of western developed capitalism countries in promoting technological innovation by the market, give full play to system advantages of socialism, combine market closely with state macro-control, improve research on basic science actively, develop higher education greatly, establish high-level research-based universities and other public scientific and educational enterprises, as well as boost the harmonious development of research on basic science and technological innovation of enterprises.According to the thesis, although the actual socialism that is established upon the relative backward economic, cultural, scientific and educational foundation is still in the primary stage of the socialistic historical development and is in possession of many disadvantages, yet the actual socialism possesses late-developing advantages in system, technology and industry, thus socialism can acquire better and more rapid development than capitalism with the help of these late-developing advantages.Served as contrast of the failure of traditional socialistic mode in theory and practice, the rapid economic development and successful society transformation of China are also used as sample. The thesis analyzes the basic experience of the success of socialism with Chinese characteristics and points out the important role scientific and technological progress and wide technological innovation play in the rapid rise of China, thus explaining the research with fact.According to the thesis, the theoretical achievements of the research tentatively answer the doubts about several theoretical problems in contemporary socialism development course, and are a foray of theoretical innovation on the basis of sticking to basic Marx principles.
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