The Research On The Crime Of The Floating Population In Transition Of China

The history of social progress is not only the history of interaction of productivity and production, but also the history of the human beings'renew and hold of population of generation who are the essential element of the social productive forces. Population mobility is an inherent feature of the population, the existence of the floating population reflects the inevitable socio-economic development trends.December 1978, China entered a transition period which the planned economy had turned to socialist market economic system and a closed society to a open one. In this period, with the accelerating of the conversion and urbanization, the formation of a large flowing population emerged. According to the 2005 sample survey which was based on 1% of the population, we knew that the floating people had reached to 147.35 million, accounting for 11.28% of the total population.The floating population contributed a lot to social and economic development, changed the long-standing urban-rural dual socio-economic structure, it made a profound impact on the changes of economic and social in China. However, large flows of population has also give a shock to the entire social structure and social order, causing various social contradictions and social conflicts, the impact is increasingly become harsh, just as these factors, China has enter the period of the fifth climax of crime since its founding.In order to reveal the inherent law of crimes committed by migrants, this text makes a lot of analysis on the empirical data to explore the characteristics of the mobile population groups and the criminal behavior pattern, penalty structure,also the impact of socio-economic factors on the movement of population crime.This paper consists of foreword and six chapters.In the foreword the research background and method are recapitulatively summarized.Chapter I Theoretical basis. The population migration theory, crime sociology theory and human rights theory are all-sided introduced, and the followed study is based on all of these theory of instruction.Chapter II History and actuality of the floating population. The Chinese past dynasties'census register management and crime prevention are briefly introduced. The management policy on floating population during each stage in the People's Republic of China is reviewed, especially in transition stage. The criminal situation and the type of crime statement of each stage is summarized and analyzed.Chapter III Endogenous crime-the relative right deprivation of the heterogeneous population. This chapter is divided into three sections.The first section The distinction between floating population and permanent resident population from three aspects:the natural population structure, regional structure, social structure, by comparison of these three aspects of social structure, make it clear that the floating population and permanent population are two types of different people.The second section Their rights are relatively deprived. Analyze the rights, such as the political rights, economic rights, social rights and cultural and educational rights of the floating population compared to permanent resident.Confirms the scope and extent of relative right deprivation on the floating population.Section III Analyze the criminal groups of the floating population. Analysis is made from the five major aspects. First, this section shows the ascensive trend of floating population's scale by giving the data of the crime amount of floating population in the nation from 2005 and the crime proportion of floating population in and Shanghai, Zhejiang Province during transition stage. Second, this section analyzes the structure of gender, age and education background of criminal groups among floating population by research the crime people judged by Intermediate People's Court in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province and in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province in 2009. Third, this section analyzes recrime, type of crime and criminal organization of the floating population, defines the behavior character of crimes committed by floating population. Fourth, this section analyzes the penalties' structure of the criminal groups among the floating population, including penalty kinds of judgments, term of imprisonment of judgments and sentences of probation. Fifth, the section modelizes and analyzes the age variety of high risk group of crime among floating population and urban resident population based on the data of criminal gourps in Zhengzhou and Guangzhou.Chapter IV The external of crime—the weakening of Social Control in dynamic environment. This chapter is divided into four sections discusses to show the socio-economic external factors affect the crimes committed by migrants.1, The dynamic socio-economic environment. The author makes an analysis of the dynamic characteristics on the basis of the sustained growing economic, urbanization, the accelerating of population movement.2, The process of social control. From the lax and weak control of the organization, low rate of criminal detection, weakened control of the power, the article not only discusses the weakening of formal control in the transition, but also the blood relations, social relations or something else's weakening of informal binding process.3, Horizontal control difference between province. List the uneven economic development, the clearness of the source and destinations, the delay of local laws and regulations made by different places, this article analyze displacement differences produced by lateral control among provinces.4, The fierce effects of social control policies. The author make analysis of the impact of "Hard Strike" in 1983,1996,2001, surely the "Hard Strike" campaign had an effective deterrent to crime rate. It also discusses the change of crime numbers due to the change of the standard policy to register.Chapter V Production of crime—In accordance with the different characteristics of the data,the author uses different data analysis methods, it is divided into four pairs.1, Longitudinal regression analysis of time series data. According to crime data since 1978, established the rate of crime and relative deprivation indicators-income discrepancy of poor urban and rural residents, economic development targets-per capita GNP and social control indicators-such as the rate of solve a case and another models, during the modeling process, the author also set the model, made parameter estimation, model testing and model optimization. After eliminating the impact of explanatory variable collinearity, the crime performance as the rights of crime deprived and social control weakened. In multiple linear regression model optimization, made unit root test and cointegration test on time series data, and also the error correction model was established (ECM). We can get to know that the changes rate's characteristic of crime is not only long-term but also short-term, the criminal system is self-correction, and the criminal system, the endogenous factors is lag on the impact to crime.2, List cross-section data clustering by provinces. According to the 2008 sub-provinces data, just like the number of temporary residents, public safety expenditures, per capita GDP, as we have the four indicators, the author use cluster analysis to divide the 31 provinces (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan)into six categories, after the original clustering merger, provinces and regions in each category clearly have different characteristics of the floating population crime.3, Analysis on external crime data. According to the world's prison section data census,2006, analyze the relationship of crime and socio-economic factors between coutries. Analysis on index of the 72 countries which the population more than 10 million, just like per capita GDP (U.S. dollars) and the human development index and the correlation analysis, drawn from the same time cross-section data, the rate of crime differed from the levels of human development, the obvious conclusion is the relevance of criminal population ratio and the development index of human beings. The higher the ratio of the population development is, the higher the ratio of the offenders. In low significant level, the offender population is also related per capita GDP, that is, the more the economy development, the greater the percentage of the population of offenders. Second, the process of urbanization and the forces of social control impact on crime defer in different countries, it has no relation among crime rates, indicators of urbanization and police number. However, in the group lower in urbanization, with the urbanization rate of increase, crime rates are also on the rise.4, Comparative analysis of the formation of crime turning point. According to the formation of inflection point in United States since 1991, Japan since 2003, the phenomenon of decreased crime, make analysis of trends in crime during this period, and then confirmed the fact of the formation of that inflection point. It also compares the crime trends during 1978-2008 in China, the United States, Japan. Chapter VI Path to control the crime of the Floating Population. Floating population crime caused by the weakened of migrant rights and the deprivation of social control, the article made the path of choice. And then proposed six measures to improve the specific path:the establishment of movement right, eliminate the crimes committed by migrants label; equal rights, the integration of population groups, and coexistence; strengthen the participation and smooth channels for expressing the interests of the floating population; multi-dimensional constraints, tempering Justice with Mercy comprehensive approach; horizontal partitioning, vertical section of the section of the progressive strategy; crowd flow, the dynamic control mode space cured.Floating population crime is a complex social phenomenon, this article use a wealth of time-series data and currentdata, and application of the data analysis, made the whole research on empirical data, from the microscopic group rights have been denied to the weakening of macro social control. The macro-analysis and microscopic analysis combined and qualitative analysis and quatitative combined, deeply reveal the internal law of crimeof the floating population in transition.In this paper, the mature theory, diverse research methods, rich research data, all these, make the innovation obvious, and mainly in the following five conclusions:1, Urban-rural dual structure makes the floating population and permanent population departed. Rights are relatively deprived, and it has significant influence on their behavior, and then plays an important role on the crimes committed by migrants.2, The penalty structure is significantly different in the floating population and the resident population, so are the criminal behavior, the social structure.The author establish a trend model of crime of the movement of the floating population and the resident population.3, Through the predicting on crime rate data line, the author confirmed the effective impact of "Strike Hard" in 1983 and 2001, it really had an active role in curbing the rapidly rising trend of crime at that time.4, Defined the crimes committed by migrants are the results relative right deprivation and weaken social control, then make the multivariate linear regression model and error correction model (ECM), scientific explanation of the phenomenon of floating population increase in transformation.5, The weakening of social control in transition basically show in two ways: from the time series of the vertical view, the crime rate has the features of sectioness, and the impact is lag, because of the endogenous factors of the criminal system. From different provinces, the number of crimes, the mobile population size, the social control showed significant differences. Thus proposed the view that of strengthen the social control on horizontal partition and make vertical sub-sections of progressive strategy.