Research On Age Characteristics Of Strength And Conditioning Training Of China's Age-group Swimmer (6-17)

Strength and conditioning of age-group swimmer has distinct age characteristics, the study of which contributes to the effective development of a thorough grounding training and the smooth transition between age-group swimmer and elite adult swimmer, and provides guarantee to the sustainable development of China's Swimming. The study endeavor to reveal the age characteristics of strength and conditioning training of age-group swimming, analyze the deviation of theory and practice, and provide theoretical support to the scientific training of age-group swimming based on the actual training situation of China's age-group swimming.Strength and conditioning training of age-group swimming is studied by literature review, questionnaires, and experts interviewing. The main conclusions are as follows:1.The development and evolution of age-group swimming in China is divided into three phases, which include start phase (1963-1972), exploration phase (1973-1989), and maturity phase, presenting the trend of an increase in age span and detailed division in groups.2.The lower limit of age to age-group swimmer is 6, and the upper limit is 17. The first stage of development of strength and conditioning of male's age-group swimming contains stages of la and Ib, and the ages of the former range from 6 to 8, the latter from 9 to 10, and ages of the second stage range from 11 to 13,the third from 14 to 16, and the fourth is 17;the ages of the first stage of development of strength and conditioning of female's age-group swimming range from 6 to 8, the second from 9 to 11, the third from 12 to 14, and the fourth from 15 to 17.3. Simple strength training starts from the first stage is simple, which emphasizes the interest of training content;the general basic strength training starts from the second stage;the training that aiming at professional strength starts from the third stage;and the comprehensive resistant training which contains professional resistant training in swimming starts from the fourth stage. Coaches of four stages emphasize the development of elastic strength and maximum strength. Coaches of the first and second stage stress the development of strength endurance inadequately.4.Coaches of four stages emphasize inadequately the land-based speed, and training proportion of water outclasses of that of land;Speed training in water is apt to the practices of kicking, emphasizing sprint and the accomplishment of swimming load within committed time.Coaches of the first and second stage often confuse methods of repetitive training and interval training, which affects the development of speed in water.5. Coaches of the first and second stage have an inadequate understanding of training method of anaerobic endurance,whereas coaches of province understand relatively well. The overall intensity of endurance of swimmers stays at low level.Coaches of four stages develop the aerobic endurance by the method of continual swimming with long time and middle and lower intensity. The proportion among speed, anaerobic endurance and aerobic endurance is not very reasonable, and there are large proportion of anaerobic endurance in the first and second stage and small one in the third and fourth stage.6. Coaches of four stages mainly adopt initiative and passive stretching, seldom, even not adopting PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation) to develop flexibility. Coaches of the first and second stage emphasize static stretching, and coaches of the third and fourth stage emphasize ballistic stretching and collaborative shoulder stretching.