Voice And Echoes: An Investigation On Teachers Came From The Rural Area And Graduated From Normal Schools In China(1979-2009)

Based on the oral history and field study, this research investigates the group of normal school students, who came from the countryside and graduated in 1979-2009, and shows the historical situation of their pursuing for education, their life in normal school and in village school. Following the reform of normal school in China, the group has had to face the realities to make decision in occupation and education in the future under the background of the social change in the period.Specifically, in chapter1, the paper gives the general development situation of normal school from 1979 to 2009. From chapter2 to 5, the research investigates the realities of how the group students entered into the normal school, what kinds of education they have had, and what kind of life they have experienced in normal schools and in village schools. In chapter6, the paper discusses the group's successor, whose major is teacher education for future primary school in college or in university.By means of historical study and fieldwork, the research has following four findings.First of all, it finds that the group's existence, maintaining, and dispersal have the intensive relations with the police of recruitment and allocation that issued by the government. From the investigation, the research points out that the relation of interplay and inter-choice between government policy and individual choice makes the present condition of teachers in primary school in rural area.Second, the source of rural village school teacher can only from rural area according to the history. The government should draw lessons from the history and reform teacher education system for village school based on inheriting excellent aspects of cultivating teacher in past. The key point of attracting and keeping excellent students to engage in the cause of teaching in primary school in countryside is to make good policies with the actual state of local development.Third, the raising of teacher's academic background cannot change the fact that the pre-teacher's education should consider the realities of rural area and pupil's needs. And the termination of the normal school's duty in history doesn't mean that the excellent experiences of it in student's education in knowledge, teaching practice, teaching skills training, and vocational thoughts, and so on, should disperse at the same time. Last, it is worthy of our reference to research the status quo of village school teachers those who graduated from normal schools. For the overall situation, including individual professional competence, survival condition, occupational mobility and also the group psychology, is very important to the group's successors and meanwhile, is of great significance to present project of teacher resources allocation in balance in rural compulsory education.