Study On Interest-oriented Family Planning Policy In China

In the first half of 21st century, the trend of China's population development presents a more complicated situation. For example, aging of the population is increasing, the overall level of population quality is not high, and the sex ratio at birth is imbalance and so on. Correspondingly, the goal of China's family planning have changed from the initial stabilize low fertility level to overall solve the population quantity, quality and gender-born population structure. As a new method of family planning work which has been shown to be more easily accepted by the masses, since the new century, "interest-oriented family planning policy" has gradually become an important guide to fertility intension and reproductive behavior of urban and rural residents in China.From the perspectives of compensation mechanism and oriented mechanism of interest-oriented family planning policies, using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, this paper focuses on three aspects:First, comb the historical and spatial development process of interest-oriented family planning policies. Secondly, analysis the influence of the relevant interest-oriented policies on the controlling of population quantity, improving the population quality, governing the sex ratio at birth and helping needy families. Finally, put forward recommendations of improving China's interest-oriented family planning policies according our research conclusions. According to the researches on interest-oriented family planning polices to control population quantity, improve population quality, govern the sex ratio at birth and help needy families, we found that:(1) The impacts of current interest-oriented family planning policies to control the population quantity on guiding reproductive behavior of the masses are mainly playing as a supporting role. In other words, between all of the factors that affect the current low fertility level of China's provinces, the function of interest-oriented policies is just "making the family planning families not so dissatisfied with family planning", the incentive effects of interest-oriented family planning policies is less than the influences of economic and social factors. Simultaneously, the research found that, different from people's expectations, the impacts of interest-oriented family planning policy on population control are not more significant in less developed regions than in developed regions.(2) The effects of current interest-oriented policies to improve the quality of births have been weakened by the negative influence of environmental pollution and food contamination in recent years. In addition, the reason of increased incidence of birth defects is also partly attributed to the more sophisticated detection technology of birth defects, so that part of not found cases of birth defects in the past can detected. Also, doctors will persuade pregnant women who cherish the cleft lip or six fingers fetus give up induction.(3) Case study on "Caring for Girls" pilot regions showed that, these places formed a helpful social atmosphere to the growth of girls, and also the sex ratio at birth began to decline in the pilot regions. However, we can not completely depend on existing rewarding and supporting policies, we have to perfect marriage customs, and improve social stealth systems such as equal pay and so on.(4) It's true that we have initially established and gradually improved the compensatory mechanism of interest-oriented family planning policy in China. However, according to the results of this research, we should not continue to strengthen the compensation function of interest-oriented policies indiscriminately. What the most important is, we need to try hard to promote the intensity of compensation to one-child with severe disabilities and the families, and patients with serious family planning surgical complications and the families. Also we should note the misleading of the interest-oriented family planning policies about one-child family to those families which can own two children.(5) From the theoretical point of view, the existing theories such as child cost-benefit theory and child quality-quantity of alternative theory, which are both based on micro-economics of population theory, are ineffective to explain the fertility behavior of rural residents in China.