Based On Direct Reciprocity, Non-reciprocity And Cultural Groups Selected Altruistic Behavior

We find altruism to be universe in whatever historical records, behavioral experiments or everyday lives. At the same time, a harmonious socialist society is characteristic of democracy, nomocracy, equity, justice, faith, fraternity, vigor, stability, order and harmony between human and nature, where altruism is wanted since that it is a negative feedback of the system of society and that in some extent it would effectively decrease and relax the conflicts among the members of the society. In a sense altruism is an important factor to preserve the stability and harmony of our society.On the behalf of mankind, the altruistic behavior should be eliminated in the process of natural selection in that it improves the adaptation ability of other members and decreases that of his own. But the present theories of Biology and Eeconomics do not function well in explaining the ubiquity of altruism. Researches on the origin and subsistence mechanism of altruistic behavior is of great benefit to constructing a harmonious socialist society as well as for us to promoting the forecast abilities in the field of behavior science and enriching the connotation of altruistic favor in economic rational behavior.This paper gives a research on the origin and subsistence mechanism of altruistic behavior. The main contents and innovations are as follows:1.Enlarging on the theory of reciprocity/ indirect reciprocityWe find that reciprocity and indirect reciprocity are both one of revelation mechanisms, in which one's attitude and behavior trend are revealed through his past behavior thus inducing the altruistic behavior of other people. Indirect reciprocity can be regarded as a result of reciprocity occurring to other people since that information is conducted directly in reciprocity mechanism and indirectly by reputation system in indirect reciprocity mechanism.We examine the mutual action of different kinds of repution evaluation rules and behavior under the indirect reciprocity mechanism. By analytic model and computer simulations, we find that in the evolution of altruism the payoff of cooperative strategy is lower than that of defective strategy , which makes the latter invasion easily.