A Research On Spatial Mismatch Of Shanghai Stratums

Spatial mismatch theory (SMT) is one of important west approach in 1960s, and also is the typical theory that tried to establish and explain the reasons of central city unemployment and low employee rate. The theory regarded that the stratums lived in central city are difficult to be employed is the reason of spatial mismatch between the location of job and residence.The dissertation is based on the SMT, and emphasizes the spatial match between the location of job and residence in Metropolis such as Shanghai. The dissertation contains 8 parts, such as(1)Summary of the main contents,(2) the theoretical basis for research and development of spatial mismatch,(3) basic characteristics of Shanghai stratums,(4)stratums spatial changing,(5)the space-time characterization of the stratums with commuting,(6)The Mechanism of spatial mismatch,(7)basic trend of the future division and possibility of stratums,(8)discussion of relevant issues and some basic conclusions. The author made Shanghai stratums as the study object, the difference and changes in the spatial distribution of employment and commuting between the two places as the main line of research. Format the basic framework through constructing independent sections. To establish thread lines by reasons of leading to the results or results pushing from the reasons.The author combs the spatial mismatch literatures of the Western countries since the 1960s, and then makes a summary of comments, listed Chinese literatures on spatial mismatch related research, finished space features of the mechanism of change of the relevant literatures about the city's stratums,. Further define the basic concepts of spatial mismatch and classification.Based on the Occupation, Shanghai stratums are classified 7 parts, such as manage for the state and society and the people in charge of the enterprise class, professional and technical personnel class, staff class, business and service personnel class, agricultural laborers class, industrial class and the jobless classes.As the interaction of economics and geography proposition spatial mismatch has complicated the connotation and denotation. The author attempts to construct two in a unified framework. In order to reveal Shanghai stratums basic states the author make a comparison of the structural differences and the mechanism time-space dimensions. One indicator is the structural index, such as Wolf gravitational correlation correction model, the gravitational index, spatial concentrated employment index, spatial employment-residence consistency index. The other is space-time index. 30 minutes and 60 minutes scale, 6.5 km and 12.5 km scale would be used to measure the degree of Shanghai stratums spatial mismatch. Generally, the time scale mismatch is much less than space degree.When analyzing and explaining the mechanism which leads to the spatial mismatch, the author tried to analyze the guidance from the government forces, market-driven forces, and other sectors of their own decision-making power to explain the reason of spatial mismatch. In this paper, these three forces act in imbalances status that would lead to stratums spatial mismatch.For comparing the changes in the location of the living and jobs, the author uses other way to measure the level of consistency of employment and residence spatial distribution. According to Shanghai in 2001, isolation of the distribution about jobs and living space has enhanced. From the perspective of sub - CSE, the CSE employment living in Shanghai has experienced first rose and then dropped in the process. However, nowhere near the city, the job and the living space is almost any correlation.As to analyze the spatial-social changes in the general rules of Shanghai stratums, to reveal the patterns and trends of Shanghai stratums spatial mismatch in future, the author compared living and working population's spatial change in different periods. Today suburbanization of the living situation has appeared, but jobs still has to focus to the central city in Shanghai metropolis. Thus it will inevitably lead to further mismatch. Stratums commuting distance extends in future, and more diversified choice of commuting tool, more proportion of private commuting.This paper comes to compare the distance and travel time. Shanghai trip distance compared mainly with London, Tokyo Metropolitan Area, and the number of traffic changes in the different layers and different travel tools selection. The result showed that the state and society, enterprises managers class responsible for the highest proportion of cars for commuting tools, professional and technical personnel, the staff, commercial sectors mainly in the service sector and public transport select wheelers. The industrial and agricultural laborers depend on sectors-wheelers and walking mainly.This paper explores the expectation caused by the spatial mismatch. Because of the rapidly expanding city, spatial mismatch of stratums are further enhanced, numerous problems by spatial mismatch began more and more, such as housing, employment, urban commuting and urban planning etc.In this paper, methods which include social survey methods, data and literature, GIS spatial analysis methods and mathematical computation and simulation are used mainly. SPSS will collate the data conversion for the GIS database and database attributes. Depended on the software the author analyzes data and gets the necessary results. In explaining the process of applying acts uses the methods of social geography, urban geography, economics, sociology and other multi-disciplinary, integrated approach. There are still many areas need to be improved. Because of a lack of relevant documentation and supporting data, the research stays at the macro level, specific class research is less. As the little reference to the results, the majority of studies have explored only by virtue of subjective judgment, the doubts inevitably incomplete. This paper used a variety of data sources, the data compatibility is poor, comparability of data is not strong, Thus is sometimes difficult to reveal the true nature of things.