Non-equilibrium Rural Governance Study

Government is the sum totals of many management ways in common business which are carried out by kinds of public or personal individual and organization. The village government is how to conduct management on China's village, or how to realize its independent management, thus to develop the arranged process of village society. It is actually a process. In order to realize the perfect union between the ideal village government pattern and the Chinese village reality, an important premise is we have to discover the general character in the objective non- balanced condition among Chinese villages, simultaneously manifest the individual discrimination in the system arrangement. In view of this, the analysis of the Chinese village's non- balanced condition becomes the foundation of village government; the establishment of an analyzing frame based on describing the differences becomes the premise of designing a reasonable village government pattern.This essay is composed of five chapters. The first chapter mainly determines the article's analyzing frame. Firstly it describes the evolvement of village government, which takes the objective transformation as the basis from new China's establishment until now, and divides it into two great stages taking the reform and open policy as the symbol; secondly it engages in the analysis and judgment on the non- balanced condition of village society. Under the premise of overall discussion about the non- balanced condition, it analyzes the basic characteristic in detail embarking from the special situations of sample villages and towns, then determines the research frame on non- balanced condition. The second, third, and fourth chapters are the main body .They carry on the analysis about the objective condition of village government during one section of time from three principal aspects taking investigation of six sample villages and towns as the basis. The second chapter mainly inspects the present system movement condition on"the towns and village government"embarking from the national standard angle. On the one hand, it is the practical situation of villagers'autonomy; on the other hand, it is the objective condition about governments'behavior of villages, towns and their reforms, which fully manifests the difference as well as the existing problems referring to the system movement result under the non- balanced condition. The third chapter and the fourth chapter mainly analyze the two biggest aspects affecting the village government embarking from the farmer standard angle, separately inspecting the objective situation from villagers' capacity and their subjective awareness. Strictly speaking, these two aspects belong to the social basis of village government, and they are the primary factor which decides the village's interior order. Therefore, its great influence is obvious. The third chapter conducts the comparison from three aspects on six villages and towns of villagers'capacities. They are respectively the village connection situation, the capacity and the collective capacity in the township level government. It further discusses villagers' public participation degree and the participation ability in this foundation. The fourth chapter inspects villagers' condition of subjective consciousness, separately discussing villagers' level of understanding, the individual consciousness condition, their value orientation, democracy consciousness, and then carries on more investigation on villagers'subjective manner. The fifth chapter is the section of general analysis and conclusion. It firstly inspects the concept of village government resources unifying circumstances of six villages and towns, and carries on the classification on the village types taking this as the basis. In this foundation, it explores the possible thinking on village government, proposes the concept of"limited autonomy"and making brief analysis.This article attempts to discuss the issue of village government and its pattern in the macroscopic level starting with the microscopic villages and towns. In this process, the core mentality is to carry on the objective judgment on the present situation and possible outlet of village government under the non- balanced condition embarking from the union of national standard and farmer standard. This kind of union seems to conduct one kind of scientific method's compromise, but actually it is the only beneficial thinking way. Because, the abstract farmer standard is only the idealism latitude in the research government, which has not many actual significances in front of formidable demand on political rule; meanwhile, the pure thinking way from the angle of state power standard is certainly dangerous, which may collapse at the first blow in front of the development of democratized tendency.