| Since the reform and opening up,China's rural areas have made remarkable achievements in development,but in recent years,problems such as hollowing out,exhaustion,marginalization,farmland wastage and lack of growth of farmers' income have emerged.How to solve the problem of rural development to achieve rural redevelopment and sustainable development has become a major issue concerned by the government and academic circles.In order to solve the problem of rural development,the 19 th national congress of the communist party of China decided to implement the strategy of rural vitalization,and put forward the urgent requirement of stimulating the endogenous power of rural areas.The three "No.1 projects" before and after the rural revitalization strategy put forward the requirements of "supply-side reform" "stimulate the endogenous driving force" "enhance the subjectivity of farmers" etc.This paper holds that the main force is the villagers,and the autonomy of the villagers is the key to the development of the countryside.In this article refers to in the development of rural villagers autonomy,the villagers is the real subject of village development,which can effectively participate in rural life,and according to oneself and family development goals,and enhance their independent decision making,planning and self-management ability of production and life,eventually realize own all-round development in political,economic,social life,and promote rural development in an all-round way.The core proposition of this paper is what is the acquisition mechanism of villagers' autonomy?Is it only because of the decline of traditional rural elite governance mechanism in the village? Or is it completely dependent on external market factors to promote rural economic,political and social changes? This paper holds that the formation of villagers' autonomy is jointly established by the villagers on the basis of rational utilization of internal and external resources of the village under their own internal demand of "living a good life".Specific to the actual rural development in China,the rural elites,especially the traditional rural political elites represented by the party secretary,as the extension of the state power at the grass-roots level,play a leading role in the rural development for a long time.From the founding of the People's Republic of China to the beginning of the reform and opening up,traditional rural political elites became the main form of rural social authority.In the context of collectivism,the "existence" of ordinary villagers was often covered up,and their individual initiative,independent consciousness and self-selected actions were greatly restricted and covered up.And then the further development of market economy,the tax reform and the decline of collective enterprises make the influence of traditional rural political elites was weakened,the autonomy of villagers' overall be greatly inspired,the villagers actively obtain village internal and external resources,rely on independent action make their all-round development in political,economic,social life,and gradually become the main force of rural development.But what is the course of this concrete change of rural society? What is the process of its diversification? How does the governance system of rural society dominated by traditional political elites turn to the villagers' self-governance,self-development and self-living? It is of theoretical and practical significance for us to discuss the inner operating mechanism and latent function in the development of Chinese rural society since the reform and opening up.Based on this,this paper selects XingRenzhuang village in Hebei as the investigation point,starts from the perspective of the new endogenous development theory,uses the semi-structured interview method to sort out the history of the village from the traditional political elitist leading rural development to the villagers' independent development,and discusses the action relationship between rural elites and villagers in different rural development processes.This paper further discusses the process of villagers' independent development and the formation process of villagers' autonomy,and tries to find out the formation mechanism and cause of the order of Chinese rural social development on this basis.This study finds that the dominant role of traditional rural political elites in rural development is reflected in the village economy,politics and social life.First,in economic life,the traditional rural political elites mainly control the control of the means of production,the management of production and operation,and the planning of economic development.Secondly,in the political life,the traditional rural political elites have established a homogeneous cadre team,formed a closed political participation and highly centralized the power of the village cadres.Thirdly,in social life,the villagers' demand for administrative procedure certification and the demand for production and living interests can only passively rely on the actions of traditional rural political elites.However,the formation of the traditional rural political elite status comes from specific historical conditions and social background of the political authority,which form the collectivization of production information system of ownership and the institutional organizations are constantly strengthened people's communes important political foundation of political elite authority.This historical inertia has been profoundly affecting the power structure of rural society in the early days of reform and opening up.In the process of rural development dominated by traditional rural political elites,the autonomy of villagers can only be limited to microeconomic choices under bureaucratic management,such as working in collective enterprises to reduce production costs.Then,with the further development of the market economy,the autonomy of the villagers is presented in the following aspects: First,in the economic life,with the further development of the market economy and the popularization of mass media,the villagers realize the independent use of social capital and the independent acquisition of information channels.On the basis of the internal and external resources they have obtained,they independently plan the economic development direction of individuals and families.And they can realize the self-development of the economic role through the continuous socialization of individuals according to the new requirements of the market economy.Second,inpolitical life,the administrative system of villagers' self-governance(self-management,self-service and self-supervision)has strengthened the villagers' "sense of self-existence".The villagers' willingness to participate in politics has been constantly enhanced,and they are more enthusiastic and active to participate in the election of the village committee and exercise their voting rights prudently.In addition,the awareness of democratic supervision of the villagers has been constantly strengthened,and the behavior of supervision of the village managers has been restricted by means of petition and complaint.Thirdly,in social life,villagers maintain the elements of village community through their own choices and concrete actions.The boundary of the village has not completely disappeared,the villagers have the common values and the emotional connection,and through the reciprocal behavior to further consolidate the close emotional connection between the villagers.The villagers who enter the market and succeed in the early stage become the key nodes in the independent development of the villagers,which connects the villagers in the network and provides corresponding help for the development of others.As the information and resources are gradually enriched,the opportunities for villagers to choose their own careers are further increased.This makes them get rid of the way of making a living that they sacrifice emotional benefits to obtain economic benefits by working away from home in the past.Instead,they realize the organic combination of emotional benefits and economic benefits under the market economy according to their personal and family needs.Finally,the pattern of independent development of villagers with blood,kinship and geography as the core is formed by forming the line of points.We can say that the process of villagers' independent development is the process of villagers' autonomy formation.That is to say,the equal economic development order under the socialist market economy system promotes the effective participation of the majority of villagers,making the villagers from a single labor provider or simple processor of means of production during the collective economy into activeplanners,stakeholders and defenders for the production,processing and sales stages.The economic and political environment of equal competition improves the ability of self-development of villagers.The market-oriented economic choice improves the ability of villagers to obtain production materials and carry out production and management activities flexibly.The political autonomy system promotes the awakening of villagers' sense of power and the improvement of their political participation ability.In addition,the remaining elements of the village community promotes the formation of a mutually supportive development order among the villagers,enabling the elites and ordinary villagers to perform their respective duties,and realizing self-reliance in social life while avoiding the negative results of isolated individual.Finally,it promotes the independent development of villagers in economic life,their independent participation in political life and their independent choice in social life,and jointly promotes the formation of villagers' autonomy. |
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